logo
Volume 13, Issue 3 (6-2026)                   jbrms 2026, 13(3): 60-72 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print

Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Nosrati Andevari A, Ebrahimzadeh Shahandashti N, Koolivand M, Bahri F, Douseh R, Qujeq D. Biochemical and Biological Properties of Curcumin and its Association with Carbohydrate Metabolism: A Review Article. jbrms 2026; 13 (3) :60-72
URL: http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1024-en.html
Biochemical and Biological Properties of Curcumin and its Association with Carbohydrate Metabolism: A Review Article
Ali Nosrati Andevari , Najmeh Ebrahimzadeh Shahandashti , Mohsen Koolivand , Faegheh Bahri , Rana Douseh , Durdi Qujeq
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran & Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran , dqujeq@gmail.com
Abstract:   (254 Views)
Introduction: Carbohydrates, popularly known as sugars, are one of three major macromolecules essential for the functioning of living organisms. Altered carbohydrate metabolism can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Uncontrolled blood glucose in T2DM is a risk factor for several serious complications, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Synthetic pharmaceuticals are often used by subjects with T2DM to reduce these risks. However, natural compounds from plants might be good candidates for enhancing carbohydrate metabolism and for the improvement of glycemic control.
Discussion: The present study was aimed at assessing the biochemical and biological properties of curcumin with special reference to carbohydrate metabolism.
Results:  Curcumin is the yellow pigment and the most important bioactive component of turmeric, which is obtained from the rhizomes of this medicinal plant. It has unique biological and structural features and variable bioavailability. The positive physiological effects of curcumin depend on the dose and the time of administration. Recently, curcumin nanoformulations have been proposed as novel therapeutic modalities to improve their bioavailability and clinical efficacy. Curcumin has structural properties that allow it to penetrate cells easily and exert beneficial metabolic effects by improving insulin secretion and sensitivity via modulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), lipid metabolism, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Preclinical studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that curcumin is significantly associated with pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
Conclusion:  The available evidence suggests that curcumin may significantly improve carbohydrate metabolism and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curcumin, with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing properties, may be a promising natural therapeutic agent for the management of impaired glucose metabolism. But we need large clinical trials to prove that it works in the long run, at the right dose, and is safe
Keywords: Curcumin, Turmeric, Carbohydrate, Glycemic, T2DM, Preclinical, RCT
Full-Text [PDF 1074 kb]   (67 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Narrative review | Subject: Clinical Biochemistry
Received: 2025/08/30 | Accepted: 2026/04/6 | Published: 2026/06/16
References
1. Niaz K, Khan F, Shah MA. Analysis of carbohydrates (monosaccharides, polysaccharides). Recent advances in natural products analysis: Elsevier; 2020. p. 621-33. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-816455-6.00018-4.]
2. Manfredi AP, Pisa JH, Valdeón DH, Perotti NI, Martínez MA. Synergistic effect of simple sugars and carboxymethyl cellulose on the production of a cellulolytic cocktail from Bacillus sp. AR03 and enzyme activity characterization. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2016;179:16-32. [DOI:10.1007/s12010-015-1976-5.]
3. Andevari AN, Moein S, Qujeq D, Moazezi Z, Hajian-Tilaki K. The Effects of Atorvastatin Consumption on Biochemical Variables in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Pre-diabetes. International Journal of Medical Laboratory. 2022. [DOI:10.18502/ijml.v9i3.10905.]
4. Andevari AN, Moein S, Qujeq D, Moazezi Z, Tilaki KH. Effects of atrovastatin on concentrations of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A-reductase (HMG-CoA-R), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sortilin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetics. Journal of Nephropathology. 2020;10(1):e05-e. https://doi.org/ 10.34172/jnp.2021.05. [DOI:10.34172/jnp.2021.05.]
5. Andevari AN, Moein S, Qujeq D, Moazezi Z, Tilaki KH. The effect of atorvastatin on the concentrations of methylglyoxal, glyoxalase 1, and aldo–keto reductase family 1 member B10 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2024;44(2):400-8. [DOI:10.1007/s13410-023-01249-6.]
6. 6. Feldman EL, Callaghan BC, Pop-Busui R, Zochodne DW, Wright DE, Bennett DL, et al. Diabetic neuropathy. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2019;5(1):41. [DOI:10.1038/s41572-019-0092-1.]
7. Andevari AN, Firoozjaee AH, Meftah N, Asciabari HA, Bahri F, Shahandashti NE, et al. The effects of atorvastatin consumption on blood levels of sortilin, glycemic, and lipid indices in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2025:1-8. [DOI:10.1007/s13410-025-01557-z.]
8. Abd El‐Hack ME, El‐Saadony MT, Swelum AA, Arif M, Abo Ghanima MM, Shukry M, et al. Curcumin, the active substance of turmeric: its effects on health and ways to improve its bioavailability. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2021;101(14):5747-62. [DOI:10.1002/jsfa.11372.]
9. Feng J-Y, Liu Z-Q. Phenolic and enolic hydroxyl groups in curcumin: which plays the major role in scavenging radicals? Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2009;57(22):11041-6. [DOI:10.1021/jf902244g.]
10. Kocaadam B, Şanlier N. Curcumin, an active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), and its effects on health. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2017;57(13):2889-95. [DOI:10.1080/10408398.2015.1077195.]
11. Patra D, El Kurdi R. Curcumin as a novel reducing and stabilizing agent for the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews. 2021;14(3):474-87. [DOI:10.1080/17518253.2021.1941306.]
12. Esatbeyoglu T, Huebbe P, Ernst IM, Chin D, Wagner AE, Rimbach G. Curcumin—from molecule to biological function. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2012;51(22):5308-32. [DOI:10.1002/anie.201107724.]
13. Klawitter M, Quero L, Klasen J, Gloess AN, Klopprogge B, Hausmann O, et al. Curcuma DMSO extracts and curcumin exhibit an anti-inflammatory and anti-catabolic effect on human intervertebral disc cells, possibly by influencing TLR2 expression and JNK activity. Journal of Inflammation. 2012;9:1-14. http://www.journal inflammation.com/content/9/1/29.
14. Kharat M, Du Z, Zhang G, McClements DJ. Physical and chemical stability of curcumin in aqueous solutions and emulsions: impact of pH, temperature, and molecular environment. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2017;65(8):1525-32. [DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04815.]
15. Syed HK, Liew KB, Loh GOK, Peh KK. Stability indicating HPLC–UV method for detection of curcumin in Curcuma longa extract and emulsion formulation. Food Chemistry. 2015;170:321-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.066.]
16. Zhu J. Curcumin and its oxidative degradation products: their comparative effects on inflammation. 2016. https://doi.org/ 10.7275/8433277. [DOI:10.7275/8433277.]
17. Niu Y, Ke D, Yang Q, Wang X, Chen Z, An X, et al. Temperature-dependent stability and DPPH scavenging activity of liposomal curcumin at pH 7.0. Food Chemistry. 2012;135(3):1377-82. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.018.]
18. Wu Y, Mou B, Song S, Tan C-P, Lai O-M, Shen C, et al. Curcumin-loaded liposomes prepared from bovine milk and krill phospholipids: Effects of chemical composition on storage stability, in-vitro digestibility and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Food Research International. 2020;136:109301. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109301.]
19. Saikeaw R, Bijaisoradat O, Netcharoensirisuk P, Dubas ST. Improved pH sensing of curcumin loaded polyelectrolyte multilayers thin films. Sensor Letters. 2016;14(6):572-6. [DOI:10.1166/sl.2016.3634.]
20. Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Newman RA, Aggarwal BB. Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and promises. Molecular pharmaceutics. 2007;4(6):807-18. [DOI:10.1021/mp700113r.]
21. Sabet S, Rashidinejad A, Melton LD, McGillivray DJ. Recent advances to improve curcumin oral bioavailability. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2021;110:253-66. [DOI:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.006.]
22. Gera M, Sharma N, Ghosh M, Lee SJ, Min T, Kwon T, et al. Nanoformulations of curcumin: an emerging paradigm for improved remedial application. Oncotarget. 2017;8(39):66680. https://doi.org/ 10.18632/oncotarget.19164. [DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.19164.]
23. Hafez Ghoran S, Calcaterra A, Abbasi M, Taktaz F, Nieselt K, Babaei E. Curcumin-based nanoformulations: A promising adjuvant towards cancer treatment. Molecules. 2022;27(16):5236. [DOI:10.3390/molecules27165236.]
24. Gorgani L, Mohammadi M, Najafpour GD, Nikzad M. Piperine—the bioactive compound of black pepper: from isolation to medicinal formulations. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety. 2017;16(1):124-40. [DOI:10.1111/1541-4337.12246.]
25. Askari G, Sahebkar A, Soleimani D, Mahdavi A, Rafiee S, Majeed M, et al. The efficacy of curcumin-piperine co-supplementation on clinical symptoms, duration, severity, and inflammatory factors in COVID-19 outpatients: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials. 2022;23(1):472. [DOI:10.1186/s13063-022-06375-w.]
26. Soliman G. Effect of curcumin, mixture of curcumin and piperine and curcum (turmeric) on lipid profile of normal and hyperlipidemic rats. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2005;21(1):145-61. https://doi.org/ 10.21608/ejhm.2005.18057. [DOI:10.21608/ejhm.2005.18057.]
27. Hosseini H, Bagherniya M, Sahebkar A, Iraj B, Majeed M, Askari G. The effect of curcumin‐piperine supplementation on lipid profile, glycemic index, inflammation, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia. Phytotherapy Research. 2024;38(11):5150-61. [DOI:10.1002/ptr.8304.]
28. Hoehle SI, Pfeiffer E, Sólyom AM, Metzler M. Metabolism of curcuminoids in tissue slices and subcellular fractions from rat liver. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2006;54(3):756-64. [DOI:10.1021/jf058146a.]
29. Schalkwijk CG, Micali LR, Wouters K. Advanced glycation endproducts in diabetes-related macrovascular complications: focus on methylglyoxal. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2023;34(1):49-60. [DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2022.11.004.]
30. Brunham LR, Kruit JK, Pape TD, Timmins JM, Reuwer AQ, Vasanji Z, et al. β-cell ABCA1 influences insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and response to thiazolidinedione treatment. Nature medicine. 2007;13(3):340-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/nm1546. [DOI:10.1038/nm1546.]
31. Zhang C, Xiang D, Zhao Q, Jiang S, Wang C, Yang H, et al. Curcumin nicotinate decreases serum LDL cholesterol through LDL receptor-mediated mechanism. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2022;931:175195. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175195.]
32. Singh L, Sharma S, Xu S, Tewari D, Fang J. Curcumin as a natural remedy for atherosclerosis: a pharmacological review. Molecules. 2021;26(13):4036. [DOI:10.3390/molecules26134036.]
33. Barrientos G, Sánchez-Aguilera P, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo C, Llanos P. Membrane cholesterol in skeletal muscle: a novel player in excitation‐contraction coupling and insulin resistance. Journal of diabetes research. 2017;2017(1):3941898. [DOI:10.1155/2017/3941898.]
34. Marquez VE, Blumberg PM. Synthetic diacylglycerols (DAG) and DAG-lactones as activators of protein kinase C (PK-C). Accounts of chemical research. 2003;36(6):434-43. [DOI:10.1021/ar020124b.]
35. Gupta A, Behl T, Sehgal A, Bhardwaj S, Singh S, Sharma N, et al. Exploring the recent molecular targets for diabetes and associated complications. Molecular Biology Reports. 2021;48:2863-79. [DOI:10.1007/s11033-021-06294-0.]
36. Su L-q, Chi H-y. Effect of curcumin on glucose and lipid metabolism, FFAs and TNF-α in serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus rat models. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2017;24(8):1776-80. [DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.11.011.]
37. Wang P, Su C, Feng H, Chen X, Dong Y, Rao Y, et al. Curcumin regulates insulin pathways and glucose metabolism in the brains of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. 2017;30(1):25-43. [DOI:10.1177/0394632016688025.]
38. Semova I, Levenson AE, Krawczyk J, Bullock K, Gearing ME, Ling AV, et al. Insulin prevents hypercholesterolemia by suppressing 12α-hydroxylated bile acids. Circulation. 2022;145(13):969-82. [DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.045373.]
39. Shao W, Yu Z, Chiang Y, Yang Y, Chai T, Foltz W, et al. Curcumin prevents high fat diet induced insulin resistance and obesity via attenuating lipogenesis in liver and inflammatory pathway in adipocytes. PloS one. 2012;7(1):e28784. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0028784.]
40. Bassaganya-Riera J, Misyak S, Guri AJ, Hontecillas R. PPAR γ is highly expressed in F4/80hi adipose tissue macrophages and dampens adipose-tissue inflammation. Cellular immunology. 2009;258(2):138-46. [DOI:10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.04.003.]
41. Razmpoosh E, Safi S, Nadjarzadeh A, Salehi-Abargouei A, Mazaheri M, Mirmiran P, et al. Effects of Nigella sativa supplementation on blood concentration and mRNA expression of TNF-α, PPAR-γ and adiponectin, as major adipogenesis-related markers, in obese and overweight women: a crossover, randomised-controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition. 2023;129(4):627-36. [DOI:10.1017/S0007114522001428.]
42. Tahri-Joutey M, Andreoletti P, Surapureddi S, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Latruffe N. Mechanisms mediating the regulation of peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation by PPARα. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;22(16):8969. [DOI:10.3390/ijms22168969.]
43. Zheng F, Cai Y. Concurrent exercise improves insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by upregulating PPAR-γ and genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in ApoE-KO mice fed a high-fat diet. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2019;18:1-8. [DOI:10.1186/s12944-018-0933-z.]
44. Zhao N-J, Liao M-J, Wu J-J, Chu K-X. Curcumin suppresses Notch-1 signaling: improvements in fatty liver and insulin resistance in rats. Molecular Medicine Reports. 2018;17(1):819-26. [DOI:10.1186/s12944-018-0933-z.]
45. Demir EA, Tutuk O, Dogan-Gocmen H, Ozyilmaz DS, Karagul MI, Kara M, et al. CREB1 and PPAR-α/γ Pathways in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion: Route for Curcumin to Hepatoprotection. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR. 2023;21(1):e133779. https://doi.org/ 10.5812/ijpr-133779. [DOI:10.5812/ijpr-133779.]
46. Gao S, Zhou J, Liu N, Wang L, Gao Q, Wu Y, et al. Curcumin induces M2 macrophage polarization by secretion IL-4 and/or IL-13. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology. 2015;85:131-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.025.]
47. Kim JH, Park JM, Kim EK, Lee JO, Lee SK, Jung JH, et al. Curcumin stimulates glucose uptake through AMPK‐p38 MAPK pathways in L6 myotube cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology. 2010;223(3):771-8. . [DOI:10.1002/jcp.22093.]
48. Wang Z, Xu D, She L, Zhang Y, Wei Q, Aa J, et al. Curcumin restrains hepatic glucose production by blocking cAMP/PKA signaling and reducing acetyl CoA accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2018;474:127-36. [DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.018.]
49. Fujiwara H, Hosokawa M, Zhou X, Fujimoto S, Fukuda K, Toyoda K, et al. Curcumin inhibits glucose production in isolated mice hepatocytes. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2008;80(2):185-91. [DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.12.004.]
50. Tahapary DL, Pratisthita LB, Fitri NA, Marcella C, Wafa S, Kurniawan F, et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of insulin resistance: focusing on the role of HOMA-IR and Tryglyceride/glucose index. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2022;16(8):102581. [DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102581.]
51. Vladu IM, Forțofoiu M, Clenciu D, Forțofoiu M-C, Pădureanu R, Radu L, et al. Insulin resistance quantified by the value of HOMA-IR and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Experimental and therapeutic medicine. 2022;23(1):73. [DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10996.]
52. Huang J, Guan B, Lin L, Wang Y. Improvement of intestinal barrier function, gut microbiota, and metabolic endotoxemia in type 2 diabetes rats by curcumin. Bioengineered. 2021;12(2):11947-58. [DOI:10.1080/21655979.2021.2009322.]
53. Thota RN, Rosato JI, Dias CB, Burrows TL, Martins RN, Garg ML. Dietary supplementation with curcumin reduce circulating levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and islet amyloid polypeptide in adults with high risk of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1032. [DOI:10.3390/nu12041032.]
54. Yaikwawong M, Jansarikit L, Jirawatnotai S, Chuengsamarn S. Curcumin extract improves beta cell functions in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal. 2024;23(1):119. [DOI:10.1186/s12937-024-01022-3.]
55. Karandish M, Mozaffari‐khosravi H, Mohammadi SM, Cheraghian B, Azhdari M. The effect of curcumin and zinc co‐supplementation on glycemic parameters in overweight or obese prediabetic subjects: A phase 2 randomized, placebo‐controlled trial with a multi‐arm, parallel‐group design. Phytotherapy Research. 2021;35(8):4377-87. [DOI:10.1002/ptr.7136.]
56. Mokhtari M, Razzaghi R, Momen‐Heravi M. The effects of curcumin intake on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Phytotherapy Research. 2021;35(4):2099-107. [DOI:10.1002/ptr.6957.]
57. Tomas E, Habener JF. Insulin-like actions of glucagon-like peptide-1: a dual receptor hypothesis. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2010;21(2):59-67. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tem.2009.11.007. [DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2009.11.007.]
58. Kato M, Nishikawa S, Ikehata A, Dochi K, Tani T, Takahashi T, et al. Curcumin improves glucose tolerance via stimulation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 2017;61(3):1600471. [DOI:10.1002/mnfr.201600471.]
59. Seo KI, Choi MS, Jung UJ, Kim HJ, Yeo J, Jeon SM, et al. Effect of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glucose homeostasis related enzyme activities in diabetic db/db mice. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2008;52(9):995-1004. [DOI:10.1002/mnfr.200700184.]
60. Ding L, Li J, Song B, Xiao X, Zhang B, Qi M, et al. Curcumin rescues high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin sensitivity in mice through regulating SREBP pathway. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2016;304:99-109. [DOI:10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.011.]
61. Uzokov J, Alyavi B, Payziev D, Abdullaev A, Muxitdinova O. Influence of diet with low glycemic index on pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2021;331:e250. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.764. [DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.764.]
62. Andevari AN, Qujeq D. Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms Beyond Cholesterol-Lowering Capabilities of Statins: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo Studies. Advances in Pharmacology and Therapeutics Journal. 2025.
63. Palideh A, Vaghari-Tabari M, Andevari AN, Qujeq D, Asemi Z, Alemi F, et al. MicroRNAs and Periodontal Disease: Helpful Therapeutic Targets? Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2022;13(3):423. https://doi.org/ 10.34172/apb.2023.048. [DOI:10.34172/apb.2023.048.]
64. Zamanian MY, Alsaab HO, Golmohammadi M, Yumashev A, Jabba AM, Abid MK, et al. NF‐κB pathway as a molecular target for curcumin in diabetes mellitus treatment: Focusing on oxidative stress and inflammation. Cell Biochemistry and Function. 2024;42(4):e4030. [DOI:10.1002/cbf.4030.]
65. Moghaddam NSA, Oskouie MN, Butler AE, Petit PX, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Hormetic effects of curcumin: What is the evidence? Journal of cellular physiology. 2019;234(7):10060-71.
66. Soetikno V, Sari FR, Sukumaran V, Lakshmanan AP, Harima M, Suzuki K, et al. Curcumin decreases renal triglyceride accumulation through AMPK–SREBP signaling pathway in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2013;24(5):796-802. [DOI:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.04.013.]
67. Heshmati J, Moini A, Sepidarkish M, Morvaridzadeh M, Salehi M, Palmowski A, et al. Effects of curcumin supplementation on blood glucose, insulin resistance and androgens in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2021;80:153395. [DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153395.]
68. Chuengsamarn S, Rattanamongkolgul S, Luechapudiporn R, Phisalaphong C, Jirawatnotai S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care. 2012;35(11):2121-7. [DOI:10.2337/dc12-0116.]
69. Cicero AF, Sahebkar A, Fogacci F, Bove M, Giovannini M, Borghi C. Effects of phytosomal curcumin on anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, cortisolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indices: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. European journal of nutrition. 2020;59:477-83. [DOI:10.1007/s00394-019-01916-7.]
70. Ghanbarzadeh-Ghashti N, Ghanbari-Homaie S, Shaseb E, Abbasalizadeh S, Mirghafourvand M. The effect of Curcumin on metabolic parameters and androgen level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Endocrine Disorders. 2023;23(1):40. [DOI:10.1186/s12902-023-01295-5.]
71. Pourhabibi‐Zarandi F, Rafraf M, Zayeni H, Asghari‐Jafarabadi M, Ebrahimi AA. Effects of curcumin supplementation on metabolic parameters, inflammatory factors and obesity values in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy Research. 2022;36(4):1797-806. [DOI:10.1002/ptr.7422.]
72. He Y, Chen X, Li Y, Liang Y, Hong T, Yang J, et al. Curcumin supplementation alleviates hepatic fat content associated with modulation of gut microbiota-dependent bile acid metabolism in patients with nonalcoholic simple fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2024;120(1):66-79. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.017.]
73. Jamilian M, Foroozanfard F, Kavossian E, Aghadavod E, Shafabakhsh R, Hoseini A, et al. Effects of curcumin on body weight, glycemic control and serum lipids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 2020;36:128-33. [DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.01.005.]
74. Hellmann PH, Bagger JI, Carlander KR, Forman J, Chabanova E, Svenningsen JS, et al. The effect of curcumin on hepatic fat content in individuals with obesity. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2022;24(11):2192-202. [DOI:10.1111/dom.14804.]
75. Rahmani S, Asgary S, Askari G, Keshvari M, Hatamipour M, Feizi A, et al. Treatment of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease with curcumin: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Phytotherapy Research. 2016;30(9):1540-8. [DOI:10.1002/ptr.5659.]
76. Chuengsamarn S, Rattanamongkolgul S, Phonrat B, Tungtrongchitr R, Jirawatnotai S. Reduction of atherogenic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes by curcuminoid extract: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. 2014;25(2):144-50. [DOI:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.09.013.]
77. Shafabakhsh R, Asemi Z, Reiner Ž, Soleimani A, Aghadavod E, Bahmani F, et al. The effects of nano-curcumin on metabolic status in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2020;14(4).
Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA
Send email to the article author

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.