en Pediatrics Pediatrics پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Introduction</b>: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal proliferative vascular disorder of premature infants. In spite of improvement in the management of neonatal disorders, ROP is one of the leading causes of blindness in premature infants in the world. Present screening of ROP first is based on risk factors of birth weight and gestational age. Nevertheless, some authors believe that other risk factors, including maternal and perinatal factors and nutrition and genetics, are effective too. Nevertheless, we decided to study risk factors of ROP in neonates.</span></span><br> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Materials & Methods</b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: </span></span></b>This cross-sectional study on the population of neonates born in Ilam hospitals during 2012-2018. In this study we evaluated ROP in premature infants that were hospitalized in Ilam hospitals.<span lang="FA" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Results</b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: &nbsp;</span></span></b>Altogether, 627 infants were evaluated, among them 332 boys and 295 girls. For the mean of birth weight between them, there was a significant difference (P-value=0.001). In addition, gestational age according to sex had a difference; in girls it was less than boys, and it was statistically significantly different (P-value=0.001). ROP was found to be significantly more prevalent in girls compared to boys. Prevalence of ROP among girls and boys was 27.8% and 15.7%, respectively. The prevalence of retinopathy in two sexes was 18.7%.</span></span><br> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Conclusion</b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: &nbsp;</span></span></b>Among these factors, birth weight, gestational age, blood transfusion history, PDA, and asphyxia had statistically significant differences with the occurrence of ROP. The best way to avoid the progression of ROP is screening and examination and timely treatment of this disorder.</span></span><br> &nbsp; Premature Neonates, ROP, Risk Factors 48 55 http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-233-10&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Sajad Nourolahi norolahi-s@medilam.ac.ir 10031947532846008319 10031947532846008319 No Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Elham Shafiei eshafiei1524@gmail.com 10031947532846008320 10031947532846008320 Yes Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Zahra Pournajaf pournajaf-z@medilam.ac.ir 10031947532846008321 0009-0008-4777-5512 No Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran