en Biochemistry Biochemistry مقالات مروری Narrative review <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Introduction</b>: Circular RNAs (circRNAs)- once considered splicing artifacts- are covalently closed RNA molecules generated through back-splicing, lacking 5<span arial="" style="font-family:">&prime;</span> caps and 3<span arial="" style="font-family:">&prime;</span> poly(A) tails, which confers them with remarkable stability. Recent high- throughput sequencing and bioinformatic advances have uncovered diverse biogenesis pathways and functions of circRNAs, including acting as microRNA sponges, interacting with RNA-binding proteins, forming RNA-DNA hybrids, undergoing N6-methyladenosine modification, and even being translated into peptides.</span></span><br> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Aim</b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: </span></span></b>This review summarizes recent insights into circRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of action, and emerging biomedical applications.<span lang="FA" dir="RTL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Discussion</b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: &nbsp;</span></span></b>Their dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases- cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders- and they show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, engineered circular RNAs are being explored for vaccine design and RNA-based therapies.</span></span><br> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Conclusion</b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: &nbsp;</span></span></b>This review summarizes recent insights into circRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of action, and emerging biomedical applications.</span></span><br> &nbsp; circular RNA, circRNA, back-splicing, microRNA sponge, RNA- binding proteins, m6A, peptide translation, biomarker, RNA therapy 3 18 http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-788-8&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maryam Kheiry m.kheiry@yahoo.com 10031947532846008352 0000000322383295 No Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, School of Medicine, Ilam, Iran Ali Noori-Zadeh alincbc@gmail.com 10031947532846008353 0000000248977684 Yes Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran