en Physical medicine Physical medicine پژوهشي Research <div><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on nesfatin, irisin and resistin and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 1-alpha (PGC-1&alpha;) gene in Wistar rats.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats (weight 300-250 g) were selected and randomly assigned into three groups: baseline control, eight-week control and HIIT training. The experimental group performed training protocol 4 days a week during 8 weeks, while the control group had no training program. To measure the levels of serum irisin, nesfatin, and resistin, the immunoassay method was used. Additionally, the real-time PCR method was applied to evaluate the relative PGC-1&alpha; mRNA level in soleus muscle. Independent T-test was used to analyze the data.<span dir="RTL"></span><br> <strong>Results:</strong> The results suggested that there was no significant difference between the concentration of nesfatin, irisin and resistin in the baseline control group compared to the eight-week control group (P > 0.05). HIIT increased the concentrations of nesfatin-1 and irisin (P = 0.0001), and significantly decreased resistin (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, eight weeks of HIIT significantly increased the PGC-1&alpha; mRNA (P = 0.0001).<span dir="RTL"></span><br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the findings of the study, HIIT would possibly help to improve the levels of the factors, nesfatin, irisin, resistin and PGC-1&alpha; which involved in the energy balance homoeostasis.</div> High-intensity interval training, Nesfatin, Irisin, Resistin, PGC-1α, Rats 50 59 http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-444-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mozhgan Ahmadi mahmadi1376@gmail.com 10031947532846007687 10031947532846007687 Yes Department of Physical Education and Sport Science Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran