Showing 28 results for Type of Study: Narrative review
Seyed Reza Aghili, Tahereh Shokohi, Ghasem Jan Babaei, Samane Afshar, Bahar Salmanian,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
Objective: Guidelines have recommended that structured programs to support fungal peritonitis in cancer patients should be introduced. The role of fungi in causing peritonitis is rare, but fungal peritonitis has high morbidity and mortality. The abdominal fullness may be secondary to the fungi accumulation of peritoneal fluid. The isolation of fungi, particularly Candida from peritoneal fluid samples in patients with cancer near abdominal region is an increasingly common occurrence that creates a hypothesis about the role of fungi as a pathogen or an innocent bystander in the disease process.
Methods: In this paper all the relevant papers about analysis of clinical signs, diagnosis and management fungal peritonitis in cancer patients particularly cancers near abdominal region were reviewed. An extensive search of texts published during 1950-2012 was undertaken by using identified key words and index terms.
Results: It seems that tumor-related local factors permit fungi to cross the gut wall and enter the peritoneum, and consequently the growth of fungi, inflammation and weakening of the immune system occurs in peritonitis. Due to the lack of specific clinical signs and difficulty of isolation of pathogenic organisms from clinical specimen treatment is very difficult.
Discussion: In malignant patients with inflammation of peritoneum, examination of peritoneal fluid for the fungal element (direct microscopic exam and culture) is necessary.
Loghman Keshavarz, Morteza Rezaeesoufi, Abolfazl Farahani, Hematolah Bastami,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (12-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of instructing hardiness components on anxiety level of National Olympic Committee personnel.
Materials and methods: The study was a semi-experimental research. The statistical population included all the personnel of the National Olympic Committee of Islamic Republic of Iran employed in 2013-2014 who contained 117 individuals. Simple random sampling method was used to recruit 25 participants (15 males and 10 females) for the study. The research tools used in the study were hardiness and Ketel's anxiety questionnaires. Data were analyzed through SPSS software using independent t-test and multivariate regression.
Results: Findings showed that the mean of anxiety changed before and after instructing hardiness components because all the meaningful values were less than 0.05 of significance level. In a word, instructing hardiness component influenced anxiety.
Conclusion: Results of this research indicated that hardiness predicts the changes related to the hardiness problems to a large extent. Therefore, it explains the negative relation of hardiness with anxiety. It means that this technique reduces anxiety and increases the efficiency and effectiveness in the organization as much as individuals learn the technique to oppose the stress by instructing hardiness. These results represent the important role of instructing hardiness to decline work anxiety.
Masoud Behzadifar, Hamidreza Dehghan, Kourosh Saki, Kourosh Sayehmiri, Meysam Behzadifar, Ali Akbari Sari,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (8-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Major depressive disorder is a common mental condition associated with substantial morbidity and economic burden. Approved by the FDA in September 2013 for treatment of episodes of major depressive disorder, Vortioxetine is one of the newer options available in this important area of therapeutics.
Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search (PubMed, the Cochrane library, Scopus, CRD and HTA Database in January 2015) was performed, containing controlled clinical trials that vortioxetine 10 mg/d versus placebo in adults with major depressive disorder.
Results: Six controlled clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. There was a significant difference between the vortioxetine 10 mg/d versus placebo in the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (P value <0.00001). The results of pooled analysis for diarrhea, dry mouth, dizziness, headache and nausea were also significant (P value <0.00001). Vortioxetine 10 mg/d versus placebo showed a significant difference for nausea, but no significant differences were observed for the other five adverse effects.
Conclusion: Therapy with vortioxetine was significantly associated with reduction in depression symptoms from baseline compared to placebo.
Ali Zafarzadeh, Hashem Heshmati, Hamideh Meshkati,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (1-2016)
Abstract
The carpet industry developed various types of respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders, eyesight problems, carpal tunnel syndrome and skin problems. Healthy behavior of carpet weavers is not in a desirable level. We recommended appropriate interventions such as health service, education improvement and advocacy for promoting healthy behaviors of carpet weavers.
Yousof Mohsenzadeh, Morteza Motedayen, Farhad Hemmati, Kourosh Sayehmiri, Mohammad Taher Sarokhani, Diana Sarokhani,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Based on the serious complications which are followed, hypertension is a common and asymptomatic health problem. This study aims to present a general statistics of the rate of the prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension in Iranian men and women based on the age range through the systematic review and meta-analysis method.
Materials and methods: In this study of systematic review and meta-analysis, some databases such as Google Scholar, Scope.com, Magiran, Iran Medex, Medlib, Sid, and Pubmed were searched by using keywords such as hypertension, men and women, Iran, and prevalence. The first and the last published articles in this field were in 1999 and 2012, respectively. Data were combined by random effects meta-analysis model and they were analyzed by STATA11.
Results: From 100 articles which were found in the searched references, 22 of them were finally analyzed. Among the selected final articles from 1999 to 2012, 96689 subjects were used in this study. The mean prevalence of hypertension was 17% (confidence coefficient of 95%, 17-17%). The prevalence rate of hypertension among the people above 20 was between 10-32% and its mean was 24% (confidence coefficient of 95%, 23-24%). The mean prevalence of hypertension among the people below 20 was 5% (confidence coefficient of 95%, 4-5%).
Conclusion: In the studies done in Iran, the prevalence rate of hypertension was high. Noticing that hypertension is an important and dangerous factor for cardiovascular diseases, it is a worrying issue in Iran and it is necessary to be programmed in order to control and prevent this disease.
Akram Aghamohammadi, Mahtab Maghsoodlu, Hosein Teimori Naghadeh, Shirin Ferdowsi,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (9-2017)
Abstract
An increase in the frequency of blood donation among the donor population is liable to result in excessive iron loss and development of iron deficiency anemia. In the majority of blood banks, hemoglobin and/or hematocrit measurements are used as screening tests for the ability to donate blood even though iron stores may be depleted in donors with hemoglobin values above the arbitrarily defined limit for anemia. In the present study, we have reviewed the iron deficiency in blood donors and characteristics which predispose to this condition.
Samaneh Rouhi, Daem Rooshani, Pegah Shakib, Fatemeh Ahangarkani, Rashid Ramazanzadeh,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (1-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM) is a family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Drug resistant in M. tuberculosis LAM family is a major problem in the world population. Our objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of M. tuberculosis LAM family with multi-drug resistant (MDR) in the worldwide by a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Materials and methods: Data sources of this study were 68 original articles (2001-2012) which were published in different databases. Research articles with full text in English were selected. Review articles, congress abstracts, studies that were reported in languages other than English and also studies that were not available for us in abstract or full text were excluded. Data that were obtained from prevalence and occurrence rate of MDR M. tuberculosis LAM family were analyzed using meta-analysis random effects models with software package Meta R, Version 2.13 (P < 0.10).
Results: During 10 years, lowest rate of prevalence was observed in 2010 and 2006 (95% CI: 5.91%-6.95%) and highest prevalence rate was in 2006 (95% CI: 17.48%- 24.05%). prevalence of MDR- M. tuberculosis analysis showed positive MDR between them (95% CI: 10.30%-11.23%). Prevalence for negative MDR was 9.22% (95% CI: 8.3%- 10.2%).
Conclusion: Our study showed that
M. tuberculosis LAM family is prevalent in Europian countries. LAM sub lineage was a major focus of studies that carried out in different countries. The proper technique for prevention of transmission of
M. tuberculosis is necessary.
Soheila Abdi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years the relationship between electromagnetic fields and coronary artery disease is attracted a considerable attention. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) protects LDL and High density lipoprotein (HDL) against oxidative processes, thus preventing the formation of atherogenic (oxidized-LDL) ox-LDL molecules. In this study we investigated the effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) and extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on PON1 activity as one of the independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Materials and methods: Pooled serum sample of 20 healthy men were exposed to SMFs and EMFs flux densities of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mT for 60, 120 and 180 minutes at 25°C and then PON1 activity was measured spectrophotometrically using paraoxon as substrate.
Results: EMFs of 0.125-1 mT had no effect on PON1 activity. Exposure to magnetic flux density of 2 mT leads to a significant increase in PON1 activity in 1 hour (P <0.05). Magnetic flux density of 3 and 4 mT, after 1hour of exposure, lead to an increase of PON1 activity to 1.2% and 2.8%, respectively (P <0.01).
Conclusion: PON1 activity is influenced by a variety of agents like environmental, pharmacological, and lifestyle factors as well as age and sex. According to the finding of this study ELF-EMFs can alternate the serum activity of PON1 in vitro. If this effect of EMFs on PON1 activity has proven in vivo, it can be considered as an effective factor in coronary artery disease.
Fardin Ali Malayeri, Aliakbar Rezaei, Omid Raiesi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Antifungals have always been considered as one of the astonishing discoveries of the 20th century. This is correct, but the real marvel is the development of antifungal resistance in hospitals, communities, and the environment concomitant with their use. Fungal infections have emerged as an important clinical threat, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. This study is designed to provide a comprehensive view of antifungal agents and related agents. Information was based on the expertise of some literatures. Over the past decades, the incidence and diversity of fungal infection has grown in association with an increasing number of immunocompromised patients. An understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of the classes of antifungal compounds is vital for the effective management of invasive fungal infections. This review provides a summary of the pharmacologic principles involved in treatment of fungal diseases. Clinical needs for novel antifungal agents have altered steadily with the rise and fall of AIDS-related mycoses, and the change in spectrum of fatal disseminated fungal infections that has accompanied change in therapeutic immunosuppressive therapies.
Manijeh Mahdavi, Zahra Fallah, Roya Kelishadi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (6-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) of innate immune system have documented roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. This study aims to systematically review the expression of TLRs on metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Materials and methods: We systematically searched PubMed/Medline, ISI web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and OVID databases until February 2017. The terms ‘‘Metabolic Syndrome’’ OR ‘‘Mets’’ AND ‘‘Toll like receptor’’ OR ‘‘Toll like’’ OR ‘‘TLRs’’ OR ‘‘TLR’’ were used. “Expression” advertently was not used in our search and was considered in the selection process. Three steps for selecting the articles and then their qualification were conducted.
Results:
First, 1373 articles were found in the international databases. After removing duplicates, 963 papers remained and after two steps of selection, this number reached 410 and then 27, respectively. After full text screening and qualifying processes, we finally included 13 articles consisting of five animal and eight human studies. All human studies reported overexpression of TLRs (types 2, 4, 5, 9) in MetS, and most animal studies documented an increased TLRs expression.
Conclusion: This systematic review provides evidence for the relation of innate immune system with MetS. Its findings regarding overexpression of special TLRs (e.g. types 2, 4, 5, 9) in MetS and their basic mechanisms and clinical implications might be investigated in further studies.
Omid Raiesi, Hajar Shabandoust, Parvin Dehghan, Sina Shamsaei, Ameneh Soleimani,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (9-2018)
Abstract
Diabetic patients are more susceptible to cutaneous fungal infections. Cutaneous lesions and Foot infections are a frequent complication of patients with diabetes mellitus, accounting for up to 20% of diabetes-related hospital admissions. Foot ulcers and other foot problems are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people with Diabetes mellitus. The higher blood sugar levels cause increasing the cutaneous fungal infections in these patients. More than 75% of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are at risk for diabetic ulcers. About 15% of foot ulcers in diabetic patients lead to amputations. Although every 30 seconds one leg is amputated in the world due to DM, 80% of these cases are preventable. Poor controlled had significantly higher fungal infection in diabetic foot ulcers and require careful attention and management. The findings of various studies indicate that the prevalence of fungal infections in patients with diabetic foot ulcers is increasing and there are many drug resistance issues reported in this area, therefore more attention is important in diabetic centers about this neglected issue.
Arman Rostamzad, Aboozar Karami Cherag Abad, Mehdi Omidi, Aliasghar Hatamnia,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) is an opportunistic infection agent in hospitalized patients, especially in the intensive care units (ICUs). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in C. freundii is increasing in the worldwide, and this may cause significant clinical problems. This paper aims at evaluating the rate of antibiotic resistance of C. freundii using meta-analysis.
Materials and methods: A total of eight qualified antibiotics in 21 published articles were chosen randomly to estimate the antibiotic resistance percentage of C. freundii in different countries. The data were analyzed by meta-analysis (random effect model) and the heterogeneity was determined using Cochran’s Q and I2 index. Also, Forest plot with confidence interval 95% were attained by R software.
Results: Our data showed that the antibiotic resistance pattern of C. freundii in different parts of the world was not absolutely same but the maximum range of resistance was related to gentamicin and the minimum range of resistance was related to imipenem. Q and I2 were attained 45.25 (P<0.05) and 56%, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the variability in antibiotic resistance pattern of C. freundii in different studies across the world was due to heterogeneity in hygiene level that resulted from various geographic regions.
Shahnaz Shahrbanian,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Abstract
This paper discusses some of the main methodological challenges involved in carrying out research on pain, especially pain experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It starts by arguing the most common challenges in pain related research methodology, which will form the framework of this article. Within this framework, the issues include pain definition, the self-reported nature of pain, the complex and multidimensional nature of pain, confounders, study design, and other methodological challenges faced by researchers in using assessment tools and scales. Presenting a universal framework for pain measurement, suggesting appropriate study design, and using comprehensive assessment and appropriate statistical method to analyze the collected data will be the main solutions for those challenges that are discussing at the end of this paper. Finally, paper will end with a conclusion of study's implications and significance.
Sirous Farsi, Mehran Ghahramani,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (1-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the context of lipid metabolism research in physical activity, lipolysis, lipolysis hormone regulation and the fate of lipolysis products in exercise, fatty acid transporters, some genes involved in lipid metabolism, effect of resistance activity on lipolysis, adaptations of adipose tissue due to physical activity, lipoproteins and apoproteins and the effect of physical activity and to achieve a desirable conclusion and provide more relevant information from previous research. In this study, articles were searched in specialized databases and 40 related articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the molecular adaptations of lipolysis to physical activity were investigated.
The amount of free fatty acid occurrence can be measured by estimating the amount of lipolysis. Fatty acids released from adipose tissue lipolysis form a major part of the active fuel, especially when the duration of training is long and the intensity is low to moderate. Physical activity through the release of more epinephrine from the adrenal glands and norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve endings increases the rate of lipolysis of adipose tissue. Also, aerobic activity increases the genes involved in lipid metabolism and lipolysis.
The present study showed that the intensity and duration of training, diet and training positions influence lipolysis and lipid metabolism. The amount of adipose tissue lipolysis is controlled by triacylglycerol hormone-sensitive lipase. Resistance activity stimulates stimulating growth hormone, catecholamines, and enzymes involved in the lipolysis process. Endurance training also reduces the number of fat cells and reduces plasma triacylglycerol concentrations.
Alireza Ghodsi, Mohammad Mobin Mirimoghaddam, Mehrdad Sarabi, Amirreza Dehghan Tarazjani, Alireza Omranzadeh, Masoud Mahdavi Rashed, Hamid Reza Rahimi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Kawasaki disease (KD) are three autoimmune diseases that involve the colon mucosa, myelin of the central nervous system neurons, and vascular epithelium. All these diseases need invasive, expensive, and complex modalities or criteria in order to monitor the disease severity. Recently, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a valuable, cheap, and easy marker of systemic inflammation. As all the above-mentioned diseases involve neutrophils and lymphocytes as the two major cell lines, it may be applicable to assess their severity according to the NLR. Here, we review the available literature with this regard.
Vasiliki Kyriazi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are mediators of various metabolic processes including haemostasis. Von Willebrand is a multimeric glycoprotein with a major role in blood coagulation, participating in platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen. It is also a carrier protein and stabilizer of circulating factor VIII and a marker of endothelial activation. This review aims to summarize the available data with regards to changes of von Willebrand factor in thyroid disorders, possible pathophysiological mechanisms, and their significance in clinical practice. PUBMED database was used for literature search in the English language over the last 20 years. Von Willebrand factor and coagulation factor VIII seem to have a key role in the pathogenesis of bleeding and thrombosis in thyroid disorders. Clinical hypothyroidism is associated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome due to the reduction of von Willebrand factor synthesis and release into the circulation. The implication of the von Willebrand factor in the prothrombotic environment induced by subclinical hypothyroidism is not clear. Hyperthyroidism increases the thromboembolic risk by increasing the levels of procoagulant agents including the von Willebrand factor. However, the available studies are highly heterogeneous in design and most of them investigate the laboratory changes of von Willebrand factor in patients with thyroid disease without any clinical implication. Patients with haemostatic disorders should be screened for underlying thyroid disease. Von Willebrand factor changes are corrected by restoring thyroid function. However, the implementation of early treatment in subclinical thyroid disorders has not been established.
Mahdyeh Nasiri Onaki, Mehran Ghahramani,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (9-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the context of new aspects of cellular adaptation in physical activity with a focus on delayed pain approach, the nature and types of pain, several preventive and non-pharmacological approaches to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and to achieve a desirable conclusion and provide more relevant information from previous research. In this study, articles were searched in specialized databases and 30 related articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and cellular adaptation in physical activity with a focus on delayed muscle pain approach was investigated. Mechanical and metabolic stress is the cause of injury during participation in an unfamiliar activity. Mechanical and metabolic stress may trigger pathological responses to activity-induced muscle damage. The suggested cause of metabolic muscle injury has been the inadequate production of mitochondrial ATP, ischemia, hypoxia and changes in ion concentration. The present study showed that physical activity is, in general, among the methods that can be effective in the prevention and treatment of delayed muscle soreness including: massage, cryotherapy, hydrotherapy, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidant use, warm-up and cool-down, stretching movements before and after the activity, avoiding new and unfamiliar activities, starting activities gradually and lightly. Resistance activity causes muscle damage by increasing creatine kinase enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase. Accordingly, resistance training, especially extracorporeal contraction, produces oxygen-free radicals and lipid peroxidation, eventually leading to muscle tissue damage and subsequent inflammatory processes.
Saeed Hemati, Razi Naserifar, Arash Rahmatian, Ghasem Talee, Elham Bastani, Aryoobarzan Rahmatian, Amir Abdoli, Morteza Shams, Zahra Mahdavi,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (9-2020)
Abstract
Soheil Arekhi, Alireza Ghodsi, Alireza Omranzadeh, Hamid Reza Rahimi,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Buerger's disease is a clot forming vasculitis which can lead to severe complications such as amputation of extremities. It is more prevalent in young male smokers and has a higher occurrence in eastern regions of the globe. The risk factors which raise the susceptibility to this condition include infection, tobacco consumption, and genetic factors. It is also hypothesized that the LPS of oral commensal bacteria can lead to various immune reactions that are seen in this disease. Several pathways have been proposed to be responsible for this disease, and the main pathways are through the innate and adaptive immune systems. One of the controversial aspects of the pathophysiology of this disease is its relation to the T cell immunity; histopathology findings have shown T cell infiltration in the arterial wall. In this literature review, our aim was to review the articles published in relation to Buerger’s disease, and the conclusion was that the T cell adaptive immunity might have a fundamental role in the disease pathophysiology, however, further investigation is needed.
Javad Cheraghi, Aref Nooraei, Marzieh Havasi, Salman Soltani,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (3-2022)
Abstract
The new coronavirus (Covid 19) has become a hazardous threat due to its prevalence worldwide. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to this infectious disease because their immune system is already slightly compromised during pregnancy, making them more susceptible to viral infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate abortion due to this disease in different countries of the world. Thirty-six articles were analyzed by searching the web of science, Google Scholar, Pubmed databases for the following keywords: Covid 19 and abortion, Covid 19 and fetus, and Covid 19. Thirteen out of the 36 articles were used, and the rest were excluded from the study due to being unrelated to the subject. Articles related to the new coronavirus and abortion were then carefully studied and analyzed. It was shown in various studies that, due to the infection and immune system compromise during pregnancy, the Coronavirus could play a role in abortion and stillbirth. So, a prognosis of this threat could help pregnant women observe the health protocols during the pandemic more seriously so that they are more protected against being infected.
