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Showing 36 results for Rat
Safora Mirzaei, Sattar Kaikhavani, Gholamreza Mirzaei, Ali Sohrabnezhad, Reza Valizadeh,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (12-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Anxiety is a generalized and extremely unpleasant feeling of vague dread of unknown origin which is accompanied by physical feelings like exhaustion, chest tightness, palpitations, sweating, headache, sudden desire to urinate, restlessness, and a desire to move. Anxiety is one of the most common psychiatric disorders which lead to problems in many aspects of individual, family, and social life. According to some studies, one out of every four people experiences a type of an anxiety disorder in lifetime. Medicinal plants play an important role in treating the disease and they cause milder symptoms in comparison with chemical drugs. Hence in this research, the anxiolytic effect of the extract of winter cherry (Withania somnifera) was compared with the effect of diazepam which is a chemical drug. Materials and methods: After extraction of essence from the roots of the plant, the collected root extract was injected intraperitoneally with doses of 150, 100, 75, 50, and 25،mg/kg. Diazepam was injected with a dose of 1 mg/kg and the same volume of saline was also injected 30 min before assessing anxiolytic effects. Plus-maze apparatus was used to study animal behavior. Results: The largest and the smallest amount of OAT were attributed to doses of150 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. The best dose of root extract was 75 mg / kg,becausehigher amounts of the root extract did not result in a significant difference. Conclusion: Winter cherry root extract reduces anxiety, and a dose of 75 mg/kg generated an effect similar to that of diazepam. However, it reduced locomotor activity.
Saeed Shokri, Tahmineh Mokhtari, Monireh Azizi, Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh, Ardeshir Moayeri,
Volume 1, Issue 3 (12-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Anabolic – androgenic steroids (AAS) are used at high doses by athletes for improving athletic ability, muscle mass and physical appearance. Unfortunately, the abuse of these agents has been significantly increased. It has been established that exercise and high doses of AAS may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which can in turn affect testicular apoptosis and male fertility. However, the effect of the combination of exercise and high doses of AAS on testicular apoptosis is not known .This study investigated combined effects of exercise and high doses of nandrolone decanoate (an AAS) on the sperm quality, male sex organs weight and spermatogenenic apoptosis.
Materials and methods: For the study 30 rats were randomly divided into three different groups (10 animals in each group). Group A, control (Cont), without any injection group B, (sham) rats received solvent of nandrolone decanoate (peanut oil) and in group C, nandrolone decanoate was injected intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg/kg per week for eight weeks.
Results: Body weight changes were shown to be different significantly between control and experiment groups (P<0.0001). Prostates and seminal vesicles weight were significantly different between control and experiment groups (respectively, P<0.05 and P<0.001). Related right and left testes weight was significantly decreased in the experiment group compared to the control group (respectively, P<0.01 and P<0.05). Sperm quality markers were significantly different between control and experiment groups (P<0.0001). The number of normal germ cells in experiment group was decreased in compared with control group.
Conclusion: This study concluded that nandrolone decanoate could decrease infertility rate in male system.
Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh, Reza Mastery Farahani, Mohsen Noorozian, Maryam Sadat Khoramgah, Ardeshir Moayeri, Ali Asghar Keramati Nia, Mohammad Hassan Karimfar,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: In vitro maturation and development of immature oocytes, as an artificial reproduction technique, is useful especially in women who are affected by cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome. Despite using many types of in vitro media, an appropriate environment has not been reported yet. Present study was designed to assess the effect of heated human follicular fluid (hHFF), which is similar to in vivo environment for oocyte, on the maturation and fertilization potential of mouse immature oocytes.
Materials and methods: Healthy female mice, aged 4-6 weeks, were sacrificed via cervical dislocation and their ovaries were extracted under sterile conditions. After washing, the separated immature oocytes were divided into three groups: In the first group, 236 immature oocytes were placed in culture medium contained DMEM, HCG, FSC 25%, and rFSH. In the second group, 229 immature oocytes were put in culture medium contained 100% hHFF. In the third group, 255 immature oocytes were placed in culture medium contained DMEM, HCG, rFSH, and 25% hHFF. Immature oocytes were placed in an incubator for 24 hours. Then, the stages of oocyte maturation were assessed by invert microscope and mature oocytes in each group were transferred to sperm-contained drops. After 24 hr, rate of two-cell embryos was recorded using invert microscope. Data was analyzed by Chi square test.
Results: Maturation rate of oocytes in the second group (87.8%) was significantly higher than first (64.9%) and third (63.2%) groups (p<0.0005). The difference between first and third groups was not statistically significant (P<0.2). The formation rate of two-cell embryo in the second group (82.1%) was higher than first (50.2%) and third (54.3%) groups (p<0.002 and P<0.01, respectively).
Conclusion: it seems hHFF could improve in vitro maturation and fertility potential of immature oocytes and consequently the formation rate of two-cell embryos in mice, in comparison with DMEM even supplemented with 25% hHFF.
Enaiat Anvari, Sara Keshtgar , Ali Noorafshan, Ali Rafati,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (12-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: High calorie diet is becoming the most important health problem in most developed western societies. Diets with high caloric contents such as high fructose intake are associated with increasing risk of type two diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR). However, large differences have been seen in the dose and duration of fructose consumption to induction of T2D. Interest to develop animal models, in which IR is induced by feeding a high caloric diet, is the main aim of this study. Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly sorted into three groups, control and fructose-treated (10 and 20 %) animals. After 6 and 14 weeks, fluid intake, body weight, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, uric acid) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were checked. Results: There was no difference between the body weight of the fructose-treated (10 and 20 %) and control groups during the experiment. Fluid intake in fructose-treated ones (10 and 20 %) was significantly higher than the control group from third week to the end of experiment. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was the same for all groups in either sixth or fourteenth weeks. Fasting plasma insulin, triglyceride, uric acid and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and glucose tests showed significant enhancement in fructose-treated rats (20%) only after 14 weeks. Conclusion: Consumption of high fructose solution (20%) for 14 weeks could induce IR, but using of low dose of fructose (10% for 6 or 14 weeks) didn’t develop it.
Mansour Amraei, Fahmideh Bagrezaei, Hamid Taghinejad, Safoura Mohamadpour, Farajolah Maleki,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (5-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Due to side effects of antiinflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone and indomethacin, there is a less tendency to use them. On the other hand, the use of medicinal plants has been common in the treatment of inflammation since ancient times and also, using of the plants is increasing. Present research investigated the antiinflammatory effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of capitols of Matricaria chamomilla (M. chamomilla) in rat.
Materials and methods: The hydroalcoholic extract of capitols of M. chamomilla [(at the doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg BW (body weight)] and dexamethasone and indomethacin (at the dose of 15 mg/kg BW) were intraperitoneally injected to the rats. The weights of the ears of animal after induced inflammation by xylene and then, after the mentioned treatments were set as indices of antiinflammatory effects.
Results: Hydroalcoholic extract of the capitols of M. chamomilla at the dose of 1500 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the xylene induced inflammation in the rats (P<0.01). Also, hydro-alcoholic extract of the herb at the doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the acetic acid induced inflammatory pain (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The extract of the capitols of M. chamomilla have antiinflammatory effects that is comparative to the antiinflammatory effects of traditional antiinflammatory drugs such as dexamethasone and indomethacin.
Maryam Raoof, Atieh Sadr, Farahnaz Nazari, Sara Amanpour, Masoud Nazeri, Saeedeh Sadr, Sedigheh Farzaneh, Jahangir Haghani, Maryam Rad,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (5-2015)
Abstract
Introduction: Effective post-operative pain management is one of the problems following root canal treatment. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed analgesics in endodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of naproxen in controlling pain following root canal treatment in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
Materials and methods: This triple-blinded clinical trial was performed on 68 patients admitted to dental school for root canal treatment (RCT). Patients were randomly allocated to treatment or placebo groups. After performing RCT, the patients received naproxen (275 mg every 12 hours for 48 hours) or placebo. Patients were instructed to complete a VAS pain score at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after single visit root canal treatment. Patients were classified as having no, mild, moderate, or severe pain. Data were analyzed via SPSS software using chi-square and t-test.
Results: Although there was a significant difference between naproxen prescription compared with placebo in 6 and 72 hour intervals, the effect of naproxen in controlling post endodontic pain in all intervals was more than placebo. In addition, the duration of pain was shorter in the subjects receiving naproxen.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, naproxen could be suggested to control post endodontic pain in patients with irreversible pulpitis.
Akbar Azamian Jazi, Hadi Abdi, Mohammad Reza Haffezi Ahmadi, Javad Cheraghi,
Volume 4, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction, is associated with progressive ventricular dysfunction and cardiovascular death. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endurance exercise training on morphological changes in rat heart tissue following experimental myocardial infarction.
Materials and methods: Rats used in this experiment (8-10 weeks old, 235 ± 5 g body weight) after homogenization according to body weight, were randomly divided to three groups: Healthy (Sham), control (Sedentary) and endurance training groups. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (150 mg/kg) in two consecutive days with an interval of 24 hours. Endurance training initiated 2 days after infarction and continued for 4 weeks. In order to assess the necrosis lesion and fibrosis tissue, Hematoxylin–Eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were used, respectively. Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P< 0.05 level.
Results: The results indicated that subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline, induced myocardial infarction in rat heart tissue. Rate of necrotic lesion in the Endurance training group was significantly higher than Sedentary (control) group (P=0.005). Also, the size of fibrosis tissue in the Endurance training group was significantly higher than the sedentary (control) group (P= 0.001).
Conclusion: In general, results of this study showed that 4 weeks of endurance exercise training after myocardial infarction exacerbate tissue injury in rat heart.
Sara Rezaei, Salar Bakhtiari, Khairollah Asadollahi, Somayeh Heidarizadi, Ardeshir Moayeri, Monireh Azizi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 (3-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most serious clinical diseases, which not only affects the patient's physical and mental status, but its effects will be spread to family and community. After severe spinal cord injury, astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS) become reactive astrocytes, and play the main role of glial scar formation. The scar is a major obstacle to regeneration of axons in the spinal cord. However, the studies have found that over time, a spontaneous partial motor recovery is observed in animals with injury without intervention. Thus, in this study, the recovery of animals with spinal cord injury was assessed after 12 weeks.
Materials and methods: In this study, 12 adult male Wistar rats weighing approximately 265±15gr were used to assess spinal cord injury and randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control (n = 3), sham (n = 3), injury (n = 6). Healthy animals in the normal control group received no laminectomy or injury, and laminectomy with or without contusion model using weight drop in segment T10 of spinal cord were carried out in injury and sham groups, respectively. Locomotor function of animals in all groups were evaluated by BBB test at the first 48 hours per day and then weekly for 12 weeks.
Results: Comparison of the results of motor evaluation from the second week to the twelfth week of the group with injury without treatment showed a relative functional recovery as the BBB score of animals from 1.4 in the second week after the injury reached to 6.5 in the twelfth week.
Conclusion: The results indicate a spontaneous partial recovery in injured animals without intervention.
Iman Mohammadi, Hamid Thaghinejad, Zainab Suhrabi, Hamed Tavan,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: One of the most important problems in student's education is academic failure. Identifying factors that affecting academic achievement and pay attention to these factors is a stride toward success. Students' academic achievement and related factors have priority in education research. This study aimed to determine the relationship between learning study strategies and academic achievement of nursing students in 2013.
Materials and methods: This descriptive- analytic study was performed among 85 nursing students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. By using the learning and study strategies inventory (LASSI), the main three components of study and learning strategies, including items of skill, will and self-regulation were examined. The Pearson correlation was used to measure students' academic achievement correlation with the mentioned above components.
Results: The sample consisted of 50.6% female and 49.4% male. The mean grade of nursing students was scored 15.60. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that the three main components of learning strategies and study skills component, respectively skill (P=0.001, r=0.349), self-regulation (P=0.009, r=0.280) and the component of will (P=0.045, r=0.218) with student achievement (mean grade of last term) had a positive and significant relationship.
Conclusion: Considering positive and significant correlation between learning and study strategies with academic achievement in nursing students, so, we suggest that students and teachers use these strategies to improve academic achievement and reduce the academic loss of students.
Amir Abbas Barzegari, Masood Hashemzaei, Ali-Reza Alihemmati, Soroush Soltani, Behrouz Naseri,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (1-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Burn is among the traumas that impose great physical and psychological damages to the injured people. Scientists still are looking for new treatments and methods for burn management that lack the defects of previous ones. Recently, the potential of probiotic bacteria for the treatment of skin disease and problems has been investigated. Considering that the effects of probiotics are strain-dependent, the aim of current study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) on the process of burn wound healing.
Materials and methods: After induction of second-degree burn wounds on the back of rats, they were randomly divided into experimental, vehicle control, and negative control groups. The experimental groups received a bacterial ointment for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. The vehicle control groups received Eucerin for durations like the experimental groups. The negative control groups received no treatment in the same days. The evaluation of wound healing was conducted macroscopically by computing of the healing percent and microscopically by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of the tissue samples of the wound area on different days.
Results: The wound healing percent in the experimental group, compared with control groups, significantly increased, until the day 7 of the experiments. Moreover, the microscopic results indicate that the bacteria may have some anti-inflammatory effects. Also, the bacteria increased the rate of fibroblastic migration and re-epithelialization in the wound area.
Conclusion: Overall, L. rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) when used topically on the burn wounds may have some positive effects on the process of burn wound healing.
Aghdas Gharibi, Parichehr Yaghmaei, Gholam Basati, Kourosh Soleimannejad, Naser Abbasi,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (3-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: The involvement of secreted frizzled-related protein5 (SFRP5) and adiponectin, two important adipokines produced by adipocytes, in cardiovascular diseases demand further assessment. Therefore, in this study the relation of the adipokines and atherosclerosis was evaluated in Rat.
Materials and methods: For the study, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups (each group contain 15 rats): Control group, received a normal diet and the high cholesterol diet (HCD) group which received an additional 2% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid for 15 weeks. At the end of treatment, HCD-induced atheroma plaques were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining of aortic tissue sections. Furthermore, serum levels of SFRP5 and adiponectin in the two groups of rats were measured by immunoassay and their relationships with the development of atherosclerotic plaques in the experimental group were analyzed.
Results: The serum level of SFRP5 and adiponectin was significantly decreased in HCD rats compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was also an inverse relation between the serum level of the two adipokines and atherosclerotic plaque formation (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Serum levels of SFRP5 and adiponectin are decreased in rats fed with high cholesterol diet, highlighting the involvement of the two adipokines in atherosclerosis.
Mohammad Reza Batavani, Sayyed Mohammad Marandi, Kamran Ghaedi, Fahime Esfarjani,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (9-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Genetic variation between individuals may include single nucleotide polymorphisms. These individual differences could change human phenotypes (such as skeletal structure, heart and lung size). Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a critical factor in growth and exercise-associated muscle development. In this study we analyzed the frequency of IGF-I rs35767 polymorphism in karate-Kas athletes to find whether there is a difference among professional, amateur athletes and non- Karate-Kas.
Materials and methods: Two hundred and fifty-four athletes (95 professional Karate-Kas, and 159 amateur Karate-Kas) and 159 non-athletic healthy individuals participated in the current study. Following provision of informed consent, 2 mL of blood samples were taken. After DNA isolation, the genotyping frequencies of the IGF-I gene C/T polymorphism was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Statistical analyses carried out using SPSS software (version 20) and data with P<0.05 were considered to be significant.
Results: Frequency of T/T and C/T genotypes in comparison to C/C genotype was increased in professional Karate-Kas and amateur Karate-Kas versus to control volunteer (odd ratio > 1) however, was not significant. Odd ratios of T/T and T/C genotypes compared to C/C in professional group versus controls were 1.125 (95%CI: 0.556 - 2.275) and 1.034 (0.538 - 1.984), respectively. Also, odd ratio of T/T and T/C in amateur group versus controls were 1.002 (0.535 - 1.876) and 1.256 (0.715 - 2.205), respectively.
Conclusion: The IGF-I gene C/T polymorphism is not significantly associated with the physical performance´s levels of karate-kas athletes in Iranian population.
Parvin Sadat Hosseini, Maryam Rafieirad, Somayeh Esmaeili,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Epileptic seizures are product of abnormal electrical discharges of the brain. Electrical wave productive of epileptic seizure generates disturbances in brain data processing circuits and these patients suffer from memory impairment. In this study, the effect of different doses of oleuropein on the treatment of memory impairment Caused by frequent seizures was in male rats investigated.
Materials and methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 (the negative control group received normal saline, the positive control group received diazepam 1 mg/kg and the two treatment groups received doses 10 and 20 mg/kg of oleuropein). Thirty minutes after administration of different doses of oleuropein or saline or diazepam, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) at a dose of 85 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneal into rats, and after creating seizure and animal survival, tests of memory were performed. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were the procedures used to analyze the results.
Results: In both tests, the memory of the control group (normal saline recipient) decreased significantly (P<0.001). The administration of 10mg/kg oleuropein shows a significant increase in periodic behavior measurements by maze y (P<0.01). Both doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg increased passive avoidance memory (P<0.001).
Conclusion This study shows that the oleuropein has an appropriate anticonvulsant effect and improves the working memory and passive avoidance in epileptic rat and Future studies appear to be necessary to understand further how the mechanism of its effect.
Behnam Bagherzadeh Rahmani , Asieh Abbassi Daloii,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and consumption of L-carnitine supplements on HMG-CoA reductase and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) in the liver of male Wistar rats toxicated by boldenone.
Materials and methods: In this clinical study, 30 male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks (weight 195±7.94g) were randomly divided into five groups: control, no-treatment, boldenone (5mg per kg), L-carnitine and L-carnitine + training groups with six rat in each group. The moderate intensity endurance training program (50-55% of maximal oxygen consumption) performed for 6 weeks and 5 times a week. Injection once a week, on an appointed day, and in the quadriceps and hamstring was conducted in depth. After anesthesia, biopsy in aliquots was prepared. The HMG-CoA reductase and LDL-R expression in the samples was measured by Real-Time-PCR and the quantification of gene expression levels was calculated using the formula 2-ΔΔct then analyzed by One-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe at P<0.05.
Results: The results showed that aerobic training and supplementation with L-carnitine had significant effects on HMG-CoA reductase and LDL-R in the liver of male Wistar rats intoxicated by boldenone (P=0.0001). The results showed that the expression of HMG-CoA reductase in training-L-carnitine group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.0001). The expression of LDL-R in training-L-carnitine and L-carnitine group increased significantly compared to control group (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems to the supplementation with L-carnitine alongwith regular aerobic training modulate the biosynthesis of cholesterol in liver tissue.
Maryam Rafieirad, Saeed Valipour-Chahardah-Charic,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (6-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Regarding the many applications of nanomaterials in various industries and the existence of many hypotheses on the harmful effects of nanoparticles on living things, the research in this field is of great significance. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc and vitamin C nanoparticles as antioxidants and administration both on locomotor activity and anxiety.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, rats were divided into seven groups including one saline group and six treatment groups. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were injected intraperitoneally in six groups at three concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg and vitamin C at three concentrations of 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg. At the end of the prescription period, the number of lines crossed in the open field test for motor activity and the number of stools for anxiety in each group were evaluated over a 5-min period.
Results: Prescription of different doses of ZnO and vitamin C did not indicate any significant change in motor activity compared to the saline group. The injection of 30 and 120 mg/kg of vitamin C decreased the number of defecation (anxiety) compared to the saline group (P < 0.001and P < 0.01, respectively) and also significant decrease was observed at 5 and 1.25 mg/kg doses of ZnO compared to the saline group (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Based on these observations, vitamin C and ZnO reduced anxiety but had no effect on the motor activity of animals.
Mahdi Aliakbari-Baydokhty, Marziyeh Saghebjoo, Hadi Sarir, Mehdi Hedayati,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (9-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease and is a known risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and its risk can be independently decreased through lifestyle modification. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of endurance training and hydroalcoholic extract of dill on biochemical cardiovascular risk factors in obese male rats.
Materials and methods: Thirty-two obese male rats (weighing 350-400 g) with aged 12 weeks were randomly divided into four equal groups (n=8) including endurance training (ETr: 10 weeks, 5 sessions per week at 75%VO2max), dill extract (DEx: 300 mg/kg body weight via gavage), endurance training+dill extract (ETr+DEx), and control (Ct). Eight rats (weighing 240-280 g) were also in the non-obese control (NCt) group. Fasting plasma lipid concentration was measured 48 hours after the last intervention session. Data were analyzed with one way ANOVA at P < 0.05 significance.
Results: The result showed a significant increase in the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C in the Ct group compared to the NCt group (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the plasma levels of LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C in the ETr+DEx group and TC/HDL-C ratio in the ETr group compared to the Ct group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the levels of HDL-C among groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that endurance training combined with the dill extract improved the plasma lipid profile. Therefore, it can be more effective in obesity complications reduction than exercise training or dill extract alone.
Seyed Nabiyollah Hoseini, Asieh Abbassi Daloii, Seyed Javad Ziaolhagh, Ayoub Saeidi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training and a synthesized insulin nanocomposite hydrogel on TNF-α and IL-6 in type 1 diabetic rats.
Materials and methods: Twenty-five rats were divided into five equal groups of animals each containing five animals, control - healthy, Control-diabetes, Nano-insulin Diabetes, Exercise Diabetes and Nano-insulin Diabetes-Exercise. The exercise training program lasted eight weeks. After the five days of familiarization, exercise time for the exercise groups were as follows: 20 m/min for the first and second weeks, 25 m/min for the third and fourth weeks and 30 m / min for the fifth and sixth weeks. The rats were also given the Nano-insulin supplement. Rats were killed 48 hours after the last training session. Their plasma was taken and used for the analysis of markers.
Results: There were significant differences in IL-6 (P<0.001) and TNF-α (P<0.001) between the groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that aerobic exercise training along with Nano-insulin supplementation significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-6 in rats with type 1 diabetes and these changes were more in the Nano-insulin Diabetes group.
Somayeh Rahimnahal, Morteza Shams, Hossein Tarrahimofrad, Yahya Mohammadi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Vital catalysts have long been widely used in the food industry, but with new applications in many industries, such as the chemical industry, they have become even more important. In biocatalysis, all parts of the cell, cell extract, purified enzyme, inactive cell, or inactive enzymes are used as catalysts in various processes. Enzymes are essential for various industrial, pharmaceutical, and especially biotechnological processes. Keratinase is produced by various microorganisms in the presence of keratin as a substrate. It mainly targets disulfide bonds. In this study, the biochemical properties of keratinase enzymes derived from Bacillus mojavensis ( B. mojavensis) were investigated.
Materials and methods: The 3D structure of keratinases from B. mojavensis was created using Modeler software, and the model's validation and refinement indicators, including Prosa, Z-score, and Ramachandran Graph confirmed the high quality of the modeled protein. The PMSF, Pepstatin and leupeptin structures were prepared from the PubChem database server and introduced to the MVD software along with the 3D structure of the keratinase for molecular docking.
Results: The binding energies (Eaint#) for the Mojavensis-PMSF, Mojavensis-Pepstatin and Mojavensis-Leupeptin complexes were -71.73, -334.1 and -211.2, respectively. In all three Mojavensis-PMSF, Mojavensis-Pepstatin and Mojavensis-Leupeptin complexes, the Serine 277 keratinase mojavensis formed a hydrogen bond with inhibitors. Serine 295 also interacted with inhibitors in both of Pepstatin and Leupeptin complexes. Glutamic 299 keratinase mojavensis also interacted with PMSF and Leupeptin. All three PMSF, Pepstatin and leupeptin peptidase inhibitors were able to interact with keratinase mojavensis.
Conclusion: Docking results showed that Serine amino acids 277 and 295 in the active site of keratinase mojavensis, may play a key role in its catalytic function.
Alireza Ghodsi, Mohammad Mobin Mirimoghaddam, Mehrdad Sarabi, Amirreza Dehghan Tarazjani, Alireza Omranzadeh, Masoud Mahdavi Rashed, Hamid Reza Rahimi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Kawasaki disease (KD) are three autoimmune diseases that involve the colon mucosa, myelin of the central nervous system neurons, and vascular epithelium. All these diseases need invasive, expensive, and complex modalities or criteria in order to monitor the disease severity. Recently, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a valuable, cheap, and easy marker of systemic inflammation. As all the above-mentioned diseases involve neutrophils and lymphocytes as the two major cell lines, it may be applicable to assess their severity according to the NLR. Here, we review the available literature with this regard.
Behzad Aria, Amin Salegi-Abarghui, Mohammad Hasan Lotfi, Masoud Mirzaei,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Infertility is a common problem among many couples. Exercise and weight loss seem to be among the effective factors on fertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise, body mass index (BMI), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) with female fertility.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the data collected from Shahedieh Cohort. In this research, 1445 women (717 infertile and 728 fertile) were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data on exercise, BMI, and WHR were compared between the infertile and fertile female groups. Independent t-test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.
Results: A significant difference was found between the two study groups regarding BMI, WHR, and exercise levels (P <0.05). The results of regression test showed that pysical activity had a significant effect on fertility (P <0.01), but BMI and WHR had no significant effect on it (P = 0.38 and 0.35, respectively).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it seems that exercise, regardless of changes in BMI and WHR, can increase fertility.
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