en Microbiology Microbiology پژوهشي Research <div><strong>ntroduction: </strong><em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae)</em> and <em>Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis)</em> are the most common sexually transmitted microorganisms. Contamination with these microorganisms is a global problem, such that <em>T. vaginalis</em> causes complications in pregnancy and increases the risk of HIV transmission. <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em> causes pelvic infections and can result in complications such as infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and preterm delivery. In this study, the frequency of these two microorganisms and their related factors was investigated.<br> <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> This descriptive-analytic study was performed in the gynecology clinic affiliated with Vali-e-Asr Hospital of Birjand during a one-year period (2018). A total of 400 women with abnormal vaginal discharge were included. Sterile swabs were used to take samples from the vaginal area, and the specimens were mounted on four microscope slides. One of the slides was used to detect vaginal Trichomoniasis by wet mount, and three other slides were stained via Giemsa (for diagnosis of vaginal discharge), Gram, and methylene blue staining methods (for detection of <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em>). Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, using Chi-square and Fisher&#39;s exact tests.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the patients was 32.67 &plusmn; 8.24 years. The percentage of infliction with <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em> and <em>T. vaginalis</em> were 1.75% and 6.75%, respectively. Statistical analysis did not show a significant difference between the prevalence of <em>T. vaginalis</em> infection and different factors such as age, education level, place of residence, marital status, and contraceptive method (P < 0.05).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The relative frequency of infection with <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em> in Birjand appears to be within the predicted global range, while the frequency of <em>T. vaginalis</em> is more than the expected range. It is recommended that healthcare professionals be trained for timely prevention and treatment of people with signs, notification, education, and screening.</div> Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Microscopic observation, Genitourinary infection 51 57 http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-420-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Nahid Ghanbarzade 10031947532846003301 10031947532846003301 No Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences Marzie Moghanni 10031947532846003302 10031947532846003302 No Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Negar Goljahani 10031947532846003303 10031947532846003303 No Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Mehdi Karamian 10031947532846003304 10031947532846003304 No Infectious Disease Research Center, Medical Microbiology Department, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Majid Zare_Bidaki 10031947532846003305 10031947532846003305 No Infectious Disease Research Center, Medical Microbiology Department, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran