en Genetics Genetics پژوهشي Research <div><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previous studies have proposed that microRNAs (miRNAs) expression might be responsible for immunological features associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. We aimed to elucidate the alternation in <em>miR-27a</em> and <em>miR-27b</em> expression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared to the healthy subjects.<br> <strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, the expression levels of <em>miR-27a</em> and <em>miR-27b</em> were evaluated in peripheral blood samples of 60 RRMS patients (30 recurrence patients and 30 patients two months after relapse) and 30 healthy subjects by quantitative real-time PCR.<br> <a name="_gjdgxs"></a><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated that the expression of <em>miR-27a</em> was significantly decreased in recurring patients (P<0.0001) and two months after relapse patients (P<0.003) in comparison with healthy subjects. Moreover, <em>miR-27b</em> showed down regulation in recurring patients (P<0.001) and two months after relapse patients (P<0.002).<br> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrated an association between expression of miRNAs studied and RRMS disease during recurrence and two months after relapse. However, further research is warranted to confirm observed associations.</div> microRNA, miR-27a, miR-27b, Multiple sclerosis 1 6 http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-471-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Jalil Shafiei Jalilshafiei20@gmail.com 10031947532846003732 10031947532846003732 Yes Department of Genetic, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Farideh Heidari farideh.heidari98@gmail.com 10031947532846003733 10031947532846003733 No Department of Microbiology, Naein Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naein Branch, Naein, Iran Elham Khashen eli1373esf@gmail.com 10031947532846003734 10031947532846003734 No Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan, Iran Rana Ghandehari‐Alavijeh rana.ghandehari-alavijeh.1@ulaval.ca 10031947532846003735 10031947532846003735 No Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada Zahra Darmishonnejad z.darmishoun@gmail.com 10031947532846003736 10031947532846003736 No Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran