en Physiology Physiology پژوهشي Research <div><strong>Introduction:</strong> The irisin hormone secreted by human and mouse muscles has positive effects on obesity and diabetes and can be a promising alternative <del cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:23">to </del><ins cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:23">in </ins>treatment <del cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:23">for </del><ins cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:23">of </ins>metabolic diseases<span dir="RTL">.</span> In the present study, we investigated the effect of eight weeks of endurance and resistance exercise <del cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:23">activity </del><ins cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:23">activities </ins>and exposure to cold temperature<del cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:24">s</del> on plasma irisin levels <del cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:24">in </del><ins cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:24">of </ins>diabetic Wistar rats.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Number of 46 obese male Wistar rats (12-week-old) weighing 325 &plusmn; 2 g with type 2 diabetes mellitus-induction of diabetes by STZ injection- were randomly divided into six groups. Two groups received the resistance exercise (8 weeks, three days a week, eight repetitions per day, fence length 1.35 m and slope 85 degrees) at normal (23 &plusmn; 2 &deg;C) and cold (16 &plusmn; 2 &deg;C) temperatures, two groups were allocated to endurance exercise (8 weeks, five days a week, at a speed of 20 meters per minute and a slope of 15%) at the normal and cold temperatures, the last two groups were control groups (without training intervention) at the ordinary and cold temperatures. 48 hours after the last training session, serum samples were collected while the rats were <ins cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:29">in </ins>fasting. Irisin levels were assessed by the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using <del cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:29">Spss </del><ins cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T12:29">SPSS </ins>software version 16 and one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (P<a name="_Hlk66344213"><0.05</a>).<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The results of one-way ANOVA show<ins cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T13:15">ed</ins> a significant increase in serum irisin values in groups of endurance exercise and resistance exercise compared with control groups in both temperatures (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between fasting blood sugar levels in the endurance exercise and resistance exercise groups compared with the control groups at both temperatures (P<0.05). A significant decrease in the ratio of LDL to HDL was observed in the groups of endurance exercise and resistance exercise <del cite="mailto:dr-asadollahi" datetime="2021-02-03T13:17">groups </del>compared to the control groups at both temperatures (P<0.05).<br> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endurance and resistance exercises increase irisin protein and decrease fasting blood sugar and the ratio of LDL to HDL. It seems that irisin may be used as a possible treatment to improve diabetes, the change of lipid profile, and energy homeostasis.</div> Cold temperature, Endurance exercise, Irisin, Ordinary temperature, Resistance exercise, Diabetic rat 35 44 http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-509-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Kobra Javadifar kobrajavadifar2020@yahoo.com 10031947532846007753 10031947532846007753 No Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Abbas Ali Gaeini aagaeini2020@yahoo.com 10031947532846007754 10031947532846007754 Yes Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Rasool Haddadi haddadi.rasool@gmail.com 10031947532846007755 10031947532846007755 No Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Ali Asghar Ravasi aaravasi @ ut.ac.ir 10031947532846007756 10031947532846007756 No Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran