en پژوهشي Research <div dir="ltr"> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> Jaundice is one of the hospitalization causes in term and preterm infants. Considering to the side effects of jaundice, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with jaundice in neonates hospitalized in government hospitals in Ilam.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> In a case - control study, 384 neonates were enrolled. All neonates hospitalized in Mustafa Khomeini and Imam Khomeini hospital were enrolled in the study. Neonates&rsquo; deaths due other causes were excluded from the study. Data collected through a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was determined using content validity and its reliability was determined 84% using Cronbach&#39s alpha coefficient. In this study, neonates were divided into two groups, the jaundice and other causes neonates. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. P< 0.05 was considered significant.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study, 44.8% of all neonates have jaundice. Fisher&#39s exact test showed a statistically significant difference of mother&#39s blood group between the two groups .Gender, neonatal age, birth weight, gestational age, type of delivery, type of anesthesia, cephalhematoma and TSH levels was statistically differences between groups. But the caput succedaneum and G6PD levels were not significantly different between groups.</p> </div> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identification of risk factors before and during childbirth and its complications are important in the prevention of neonatal jaundice. Prevent preterm births; hypothyroidism and PROM the risk factors can be controlled by the health service providers.</p> Birth weight, G6PD levels in newborns, gestational age, mode of delivery, TSH levels in newborns 48 52 http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-63-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Ashraf Direkvand-Moghadam 10031947532846001800 10031947532846001800 No Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center; Department of Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Ali Delpisheh 10031947532846001801 10031947532846001801 No Department of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Mosayeb Mozafari mozafaric@yahoo.com 10031947532846001802 10031947532846001802 Yes Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Azadeh Direkvand-Moghadam 10031947532846001803 10031947532846001803 No Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Parvaneh Karzani 10031947532846001804 10031947532846001804 No Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Parvin Saraee 10031947532846001805 10031947532846001805 No Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Zahra Safaripour 10031947532846001806 10031947532846001806 No Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Nasim Mir Moghadam 10031947532846001807 10031947532846001807 No Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Mrjan Teimour Pour 10031947532846001808 10031947532846001808 No Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran