en Medical immunology Medical immunology پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Introduction</b>: Immune monitoring in transplant recipients, examining lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels, is pivotal for advancing individualized medicine in transplantation. This study aims to assess T helper 1 and 2 cells in acute liver transplant rejection.</span></span><br> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Material & Methods</b>: Thirty liver transplantation candidates were enrolled pre- and six months post-transplantation under stable condition. Additionally, fifteen recipients with acute rejection, matched for age and transplantation duration, were included. Flow cytometry and ELISA assessed TCD4+CXCR3+IFN-&gamma; (T helper 1) and TCD4+CCR4+IL-4+ (Th2) cell frequencies, as well as serum IFN-&gamma; and IL-10 levels.</span></span><br> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Results</b>: Stable recipients showed significant decreases in Th1 and Th2 cell percentages six months post-transplant (both p < 0.0001), maintaining a comparable Th1/Th2 ratio. Serum IFN-&gamma; levels also decreased. Conversely, the rejection group exhibited higher Th1 cell proportions and increased IFN-&gamma; concentration compared to stable recipients (P = 0.03 and 0.001, respectively). IL-10 levels slightly decreased in both groups. Consequently, the IFN-&gamma;/IL-10 ratio significantly increased during acute rejection (p < 0.0001). Th1 cell frequency and IFN-&gamma; levels negatively correlated with allograft function.</span></span><br> <span style="font-size:9pt"><span minion="" pro="" style="font-family:"><b>Conclusion</b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">: </span></span></b>Six months post-transplant, stable recipients experienced decreased Th1 and Th2 cell percentages, maintaining Th1/Th2 balance. The IFN-&gamma;/IL-10 ratio significantly increased during acute rejection, indicating an immunological imbalance. Elevated Th1 frequency and IFN-&gamma; levels were negatively correlated with allograft function, emphasizing their potential role in rejection dynamics.</span></span> Liver Transplantation, Graft Rejection, T-Lymphocytes, Interleukin-10, Interferon-gamma 45 57 http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-740-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Sara Assadiasl saraasadiasl@gmail.com 10031947532846006879 10031947532846006879 No Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Nassiri Toosi nasirito@sina.tums.ac.ir 10031947532846006880 10031947532846006880 No Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Narjes Soleimanifar n.soleimanifar20@gmail.com 10031947532846006881 10031947532846006881 No Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bahareh Mohebbi bahareh.mohebbi.14@gmail.com 10031947532846006882 10031947532846006882 No Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bita Ansaripour b.ansaripour@yahoo.com 10031947532846006883 10031947532846006883 No Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Sadr m.sadr@gmail.com 10031947532846006884 10031947532846006884 No Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hanieh Mojtahedi SANAM_aria20@yahoo.com 10031947532846006885 10031947532846006885 No Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Banafsheh Mosharmovahed mmovahed.b@gmail.com 10031947532846006886 10031947532846006886 No Department of Chemical Engineering-Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Fazeli MAHSA.FZL29@gmail.com 10031947532846006887 10031947532846006887 No Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Nicknam mhnicknam@sina.tums.ac.ir 10031947532846006888 10031947532846006888 Yes Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran