en Physiology Physiology پژوهشي Research Introduction: Sugar cane is a giant plant of grain products. Regarding the benefits of the use of medications with herbal origin, in the present study the impact of sugar cane extract on atherosclerosis and LDL-c and HDL-c in the serum of hypercholesterolemic rabbits was studied. Materials and methods: 24 adult male New Zealand rabbits race with an average weight of 2 kg were classified into four groups: the control group had a normal diet, Sham group and the 1 , 2 experimental group were cholesteroled with 2% high cholesterol regime and received drug solvent, sugar cane extract with 3.7 and 7.4 mg/kg doses as an oral treatment per day, respectively . After eight weeks of treatment, Blood were collected and subjected for measuring of LDL-C and HDL-c. For histological studies, Aorta was removed and was fixed in formalin %10. SPSS with ANOVA was applied for data analysis. Results: The results demonstrated treatment via sugar cane extract with 3.7 and 7.4 mg/kg per day, significant reduction in LDL-c and significant increase in HDL-c, in compare with Sham group, was occurred. In addition, histological examination showed that treatment by 3.7 and 7.4 mg/kg per day of Sugar cane extract (the experimental groups 1, 2, respectively), prevented atheroma plaques. Conclusion: Sugar cane extract may be effective in reducing the amount of LDL-c and increasing HDL-c and prevents the formation of atheroma plaques. Sugar cane, LDL-c, HDL-c, atherosclerosis 1 6 http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-102-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mansour Amraei amraei_m@yahoo.com 10031947532846003545 10031947532846003545 No Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Safoura Mohamadpour safoura.mohamadpour@yahoo.com 10031947532846003546 10031947532846003546 Yes Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Mohamadhesam Amraei amraei_m@yahoo.com 10031947532846003547 10031947532846003547 No Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran