eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2014-06 1 1 1 7 article Salar Bakhtiyari bakhtiyaribio@gmail.com 1 Somaieh Sabzali bakhtiyaribio@gmail.com 2 Arman Rostamzad bakhtiyaribio@gmail.com 3 Gholam Basati basati-gh@medilam.ac.ir 4 Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Thymbra spicata (T. spicata) is a conventional medicinal herb which is commonly used in the folklore medicine system of Iran. Aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial activity of the essential oil and hudroalcholic extract of the plant T. spicata on some important bacteria. Materials & methods: The essential oil and extract of T. spicata were obtained by hydrodistillation and hydroalcoholic methods, respectively. Different concentrations of essential oil and hydroalcholic extract of the medicinal herb, T. spicata, were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against ten pathogenic bacteria (4 Gram-positive and 6 Gram-negative) by agar disc diffusion and macro Broth dilution method Results: All the bacteria showed a profound susceptibility to the essential oil and hydroalcholic extracts of the T. spicata. The essential oil was shown to be more effective against the examined bacteria. The zone of inhibition of the essential oil shown to be maximum against E. faecalis (28 mm) and M. morganii (30 mm). The hydroalcholic extract of T. spicata, showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus (Gram-positive) and E. coli (Gram-negative) with the zone of inhibitions, 19 mm and 15 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the essential oil and hydroalcholic extracts ranged from 7-60&mu;g/ mL and 5-19 mg/ml, respectively against the tested bacteria. Conclusion: This study revealed the potential using of T. spicata as a source of antibacterial agents that could be effectively used for medicinal and pharmaceutical purposes. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf Tymbra spicata Essential oil hydroalcholic extract antibacterial activity eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2014-06 1 1 8 14 article Iman Mohammadi iman8962 @yahoo.com 1 Hamid Thaghinejad hamid2005mordad@yahoo.com 2 Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam University of Medical Sciences Background: learning style of students is one of the most important factors which influences on student learning. Some negative effects on nursing student learning can be observed as a result of imbalance between it and teaching methods. Using appropriate methods of teaching and determination of student learning styles can facilitate their leaning. Hence, this study aims to identify the most common learning styles of nursing students in Iran. Materials and Methods: The Iranian databanks including Magiran, SID, Medlib and Iran Medex are searched for relevant published articles from March 21, 1991 till July 2012. For searching international databases, English transcriptions of Iran were used. The Persian search terms that were equivalent from their English words included Learning styles, nursing students and the Kolb learning style. It is noted that this review research only includes studies that are based on the Kolb's theory and researches that discuss other learning styles are excluded from the review process. Results: Research articles that were based on the Kolb's theory of learning styles in entire of Iran has been collected and investigated. In all studies, learning styles of nursing students in several cities were searched for determining four styles of the Kolb's theory (Accommodating, Absorbent, Divergent and Convergent). The Convergent and Absorbing styles were dominant ones in the nursing students. These styles were ranged from 28.9% to 54.2% and 29.9% to 53.8%, respectively. Conclusions: In order to enhance students learning more attention are required to different learning styles. It is recommended the teachers shall attract more attentions in students' learning style and use appropriate teaching methods. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-37-en.pdf Learning styles Nursing students eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2014-06 1 1 15 28 article Seyed Reza Aghili aghili70@yahoo.com 1 Tahereh Shokohi shokohi.tahereh@gmail.com 2 Ghasem Jan Babaei bsalmanian@yahoo.com 3 Samane Afshar samane.min63@yahoo.com 4 Bahar Salmanian janbabaaei@yahoo.com 5 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari, Iran Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari, Iran Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Cell-Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari, Iran Faculty Member of Farhangian University, Sari, Iran Objective: Guidelines have recommended that structured programs to support fungal peritonitis in cancer patients should be introduced. The role of fungi in causing peritonitis is rare, but fungal peritonitis has high morbidity and mortality. The abdominal fullness may be secondary to the fungi accumulation of peritoneal fluid. The isolation of fungi, particularly Candida from peritoneal fluid samples in patients with cancer near abdominal region is an increasingly common occurrence that creates a hypothesis about the role of fungi as a pathogen or an innocent bystander in the disease process. Methods: In this paper all the relevant papers about analysis of clinical signs, diagnosis and management fungal peritonitis in cancer patients particularly cancers near abdominal region were reviewed. An extensive search of texts published during 1950-2012 was undertaken by using identified key words and index terms. Results: It seems that tumor-related local factors permit fungi to cross the gut wall and enter the peritoneum, and consequently the growth of fungi, inflammation and weakening of the immune system occurs in peritonitis. Due to the lack of specific clinical signs and difficulty of isolation of pathogenic organisms from clinical specimen treatment is very difficult. Discussion: In malignant patients with inflammation of peritoneum, examination of peritoneal fluid for the fungal element (direct microscopic exam and culture) is necessary. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.pdf Fungal peritonitis Malignancy Cancer Abdominal region cancer Management eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2014-06 1 1 29 37 article Mohamad Ali Zazoli 1 Davod Belalak dbalarak2@gmail.com 2 Yaser Mahdavi 3 Fateme Karimnejad 4 Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Mazandaran University Of Medical Sciences Mazandaran University Of Medical Sciences Background: one of the most important environmental pollutants is industrial wastewaters. Discharging of colorful industrial effluents to receptive waters can lead to eutrification and it has the carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is evaluation of Acid blue 15 dye removal by dried Azolla from aqueous solution. Material and methods: The Azolla biomass was dried in the sunlight, then it was crushed and sieved to particle sizes in range of 1-2 mm. Next treated with 0.1M HCl for a period of 5h. The azolla was washed with distilled water and it was used as adsorbent. The effect of operating parameters such as pH, contact time, AB 15 concentration and adsorbent dose on the AB15 removal efficiency was investigated. The dye concentration was measured by spectrophotometer (DR4000) in &lambda;max =565nm. Results: In optimum condition (pH 3, contact time 90 min , adsorbent dose 10 gr/l and AB15 concentration 10 ppm), Application by azolla was able to remove 98% of AB15 from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium data is best fitted on Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption kinetic model follows pseudo-second model. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that the dried Azolla can be used as a high efficiency and low-cost adsorbent to treat of textile effluents. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf Keywords: Azolla Filiculoides AB15 dye Isotherm’s model Adsorption water treatment eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2014-06 1 1 38 42 article Homayoon Haroon Rashidi haroon_rashidi2003@yahoo.com 1 Ali Akbar Arjmandniya haroon_rashidi2003@yahoo.com 2 Gholam Ali Afrooz haroon_rashidi2003@yahoo.com 3 Kiyomars Beshlideh haroon_rashidi2003@yahoo.com 4 Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Research Branch Tehran University Tehran University Tehran University Introduction: birth weight is one of the important sanitary indices in evaluating the prenatal care all over the world. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between the bio-environmental characteristics of mothers with infant’s birth weight. Materials and Methods: In corrolation study, first, all newborn babies in hospitals and maternity centers Khuzestan between Farwardin (May.2012) and Esfand (March.2013) were selected. Then, 925 babies were randomly selected and their parents answered the questionnaire of bio-environmental .The data analyzed with using correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: there was a significant relation between the bio-environmental characteristics of mothers with infant’s birth weight (p<0/ 001). Also, results show that mother’s environmental features can explain 9% of the regression of the birth weight. Conclusion: recognition of some risk factors pertaining of low birth weight can help take preventive. The result showed that bio-environmental during pregnancy influences the birth weight. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-40-en.pdf bio-environmenta birth weight eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2014-06 1 1 43 49 article Meysam Behzadifar 1 Zahra Vahdat ShariatPanahi 2 Elham Ranjbar 3 Khairollah Asadollahi masoud_1241@yahoo.co.uk 4 Heshmatolah Nourmoradi 5 Kourosh Sayehmiri 6 Ilam University of Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam University of Medical Sciences Background. Adolescence is a critical period of growth and different variables can effect on this process in this age period. The relationship between obesity in adolescence and some metabolic disorders in the future has been reported by many studies. This study was carried out to determine the pattern of fat distribution among high school adolescents in Ilam city in 2013. Method. In this cross-sectional study, 583 high school students were selected with a dedicated multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured and BMI and WHR were calculated. Results: The prevalence of being overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity were 21.8 %, 0.7 %, and 39.8% respectively. Age of students showed a significant positive and negative correlation with BMI and WHR (P<0.001). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that adolescents are at increased risk for overweight and obesity. Therefore monitoring the health and nutrition, nutrition education, improve knowledge and sporting for this age group may help to improve health, nutrition and the prevention of many chronic diseases in adulthood. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-41-en.pdf BMI WHR Fat distribution High school adolescents Ilam eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2014-06 1 1 50 55 article Kourosh Sayehmiri kouresh_sayehmiri@yahoo.com 1 Khairollah Asadollahi masoud_1241@yahoo.co.uk 2 Mariam Yaghubi spectrum_ra@yahoo.co.uk 3 Ghobad Abangah abangah_gh@yahoo.com 4 Hassan Nurmohamadi khairolah@yahoo.com 5 Psychosocial Injuries Researches Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver is one of the most prevalent digestive diseases in the world and its prevalence is increasing rapidly. The objective of this study was to compare the treatment effect of pioglitazone and metformin on fatty liver. Materials and methods: This double blinded clinical trial study was performed in 2012 among patients referring to gastrointestinal clinics in the city of Ilam. 105 non-alcoholic fatty liver patients were selected and participated in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of metformin and pioglitazone. Using double blinded clinical trial, one group was treated by pioglitazone (30 mg daily) and the other by metformin (500 mg daily) both for 3 months. Then using sonography, the severity of fatty liver was compared in the two groups. Results: Multivariable logistic regression showed that there was no significant difference between the effect of pioglitazone and metformin on the treatment of fatty liver (p=0.92). There was a significant difference between severity of fatty liver and BMI before treatment (p<0.004) but it was not confirmed after the treatment. There was also a significant difference between the severity of fatty liver and gender before treatment (p<0.003) but it was not confirmed after treatment. There was a negative significant relationship between age and the treatment effect of metformin but not in the pioglitazone group. Conclusions: Both pioglitazone and metformin had a notable effect on the treatment of fatty liver solely while there was no significant difference between their effectiveness. The effectiveness of metformin was higher among males compared to that of pioglitazone. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.pdf Fatty liver NAFLD pioglitazone metformin eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2014-06 1 1 56 65 article Moayd Avazpour m_f_1859@yahoo.com 1 Sabah Shiri sabahshiri5@yahoo.com 2 Ali Delpisheh alidelpisheh@yahoo.com 3 Ali mohamad Abbasi am.abbasi@yahoo.com 4 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam Iran Department of Epidemiology, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam Iran A novel, simple and more sensitive spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for the determination of Brilliant blue FCF and Carmoisine in food samples by an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). After extraction, the absorbance values were measured at 527 and 632 nm for Carmoisine and Brilliant blue FCF, respectively. The effects of different parameters such as, polyethylene glycol (type and amount), pH, salt (type and amount), and temperature were investigated and optimum conditions were established. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 0.1-120 ng mL-1 and 0.2-260 ng mL-1for Carmoisine and Brilliant blue FCF, respectively. Under optimum conditions, detection limit based on three times the standard deviation of the blank (3Sb) was 0.014 ng mL-1 for Carmoisine and 0.017 ng mL-1 for Brilliant blue FCF. The relative standard deviation (RSD) at concentration level of 30 ng mL-1 was 3.17% and 1.87% for Carmoisine and Brilliant blue FCF, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of target analytes in spiked samples with satisfactory results. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.pdf spectrophotometric Carmoisine Brilliant blue FCF food samples ATPS