eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2026-06 13 3 1 10 article Ali Noori-Zadeh noorizadeh-a@medilam.ac.ir 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Liquid biopsy is considered an innovative revolutionary technology in precision medicine and offers non-invasive and real-time molecular profiling of individual patients. Over the past decade, the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has become nearly synonymous with the term of "liquid biopsy". The discovery of somatic mutations, copy number variations, and epigenetic signatures in cell-free(cf)DNA from peripheral blood has revolutionized oncological diagnostics enabling genotyping from a simple venipuncture, tracking of clonal evolution, and detection of minimal residual disease with remarkable sensitivity. Yet a conceptual limitation has quietly accompanied these remarkable progresses. Most current liquid biopsy methods answer one essential question: What genetic alterations are present? However, they do not directly answer a question equally central to clinical pathophysiology: What is the disease actively doing in real time? http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1089-en.pdf Liquid biopsy pathophysiology exosomes circulating tumor DNA cell-free mitochondria laboratory medicine functional biomarkers eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2026-06 13 3 10 18 article AliReza pourrahim 1 Maryam Kheiry m.kheiry@yahoo.com 2 student research committee,faculty of medicine,ilam university of medical sciences Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran Introduction: Myocardial infarction induces IRI, leading to cardiomyocyte necrosis, neutrophil-driven inflammation, and fibroblast-mediated fibrosis, culminating in ventricular dysfunction. Stem Cell such as MSCs promote angiogenesis via VEGF/HGF paracrine secretion; CPCs differentiate through Notch/Wnt for tissue replacement; iPSCs enable patient-specific remuscularization with Cx43 integration. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of stem cells in cardiac tissue repair after myocardial infarction via physiological mechanisms. Discussion:  Stem cell–based therapies represent a promising yet evolving approach for cardiac repair following myocardial infarction. Preclinical models consistently demonstrate improvements in angiogenesis, attenuation of fibrosis, and partial restoration of ventricular function; however, these outcomes have not been fully replicated in clinical trials. Conclusion:  This review synthesizes mechanisms for advancing clinical translation. the future of cardiac regenerative medicine lies in the integration of mechanistic insights with bioengineering and molecular innovation. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1067-en.pdf stem cells heart tissue Myocardial Infarction physiological mechanisms eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2026-06 13 3 19 29 article Rahman Mohammadi 1 Akram Vatannejad vatannejad@ut.ac.ir 2 Asma Kheirollahi 3 Sara Shokrpoor 4 AmirHossein RahimBakhsh 5 Tahmoures Sedighi Pashaki 6 Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Diabetes causes the body’s metabolic balance to be in disarray, which damages organs such as the kidneys due to their high metabolic activity. Tissue damage is caused by oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Folate may help protect against diabetes complications by reducing oxidative stress, regulating homocysteine and supporting vascular and kidney health. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effects of daily folate supplementation on glycaemic control, oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The first group included healthy control rats, and the second included untreated diabetic rats. The third group received daily IP injections of folate for four weeks. Fasting blood glucose was measured using a glucometer. Oxidative stress was measured in the renal tissue and serum by determining the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS), respectively. Renal histopathological changes were examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:  The results showed that folate reduced renal tissue MDA and serum triglyceride levels. Fasting blood glucose and serum TOS showed a decreasing trend, but the changes were not statistically significant. The tissue analysis showed slight improvements in kidney structure, but no full recovery was observed. Conclusion:  These data suggest that folate supplementation may provide some protection against renal injury due to diabetes. The effect on glycaemic control and full recovery of renal tissue appeared to be limited. These findings highlight the need for further studies to determine whether the combination of folate with other therapies could improve glycaemic control and promote tissue repair more effectively http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1062-en.pdf Diabetes Oxidative stress Folate Kidney function Malondialdehyde eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2026-06 13 3 30 37 article Leyla Katebi leyla.katebi1358@gmail.com 1 Adel Ahadi ahadiadel42@gmail.com 2 Firouz Amani biostat.f@gmail.com 3 Department of pediatrics, school of medicine, Ardabil University of medical sciences, aradabil, Iran Department of pediatrics, school of medicine, Ardabil University of medical sciences, aradabil, Iran Department of Community medicine and biostatistics, school of medicine, Ardabil University of medical sciences, aradabil, Iran Introduction: Hereditary metabolic diseases are rare disorders individually, but in countries where family marriages are more common, such as Iran, they have a high prevalence, and in Ardabil Province, due to the fact that family and tribal marriages are more common, the prevalence of these disorders is higher. Since early diagnosis and follow-up treatment of these diseases are important to prevent irreparable damage, and on the other hand, these diseases involve different organs and have different clinical features. If the symptoms are detected, the complications, death, and disability of the disease will be prevented. Therefore, this study was decided to investigate the prevalence of congenital metabolic diseases in Ardabil province during the years 2016 to 2023. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total of 195 children (114 boys and 81 girls) aged 1-15 years at Bu-Ali Hospital of Ardabil city were registered with congenital metabolic diseases based on specific biochemical, genetic, and clinical criteria different from those for metabolic syndrome. The data were collected in a checklist and analyzed in SPSS V.21 using descriptive statistical methods in the form of tables, graphs, frequencies, and percentages. Results:  The overall prevalence of congenital metabolic disorders among the studied children was 3.3 per thousand people. The most common types of congenital metabolic disorders in the studied children were phenylketonuria with 62 cases (31.8%) and urea cycle disorders with 26 cases (13.3%). Conclusion:  In this study, more than 20 different types of hereditary metabolic disorders were identified among children, and more than 81% of the children's parents were related http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1011-en.pdf congenital disorders children phenylketonuria eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2026-06 13 3 38 47 article Somayeh Zeynizadeh Jeddi s.zeynizadeh@arums.ac.ir 1 Afshan Sharghi a.sharghi@gmail.com 2 Sahand Ghorbani Davatgar sahand.ghorbani@gmail.com 3 Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Ardabil university of medical science, Ardabil, Iran. Department of Community Medicine and Biostatistics, School of medicine, Ardabil university of medical science, Ardabil, Iran. Department of Radiology, School of medicine, Ardabil university of medical science, Ardabil, Iran. Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent cause of fat buildup in the liver, which results in liver disease. This condition is becoming more commonplace worldwide. Knowing the causes of the disease is crucial for preventing and minimizing its effects, especially since the etiology of the condition is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between hepatic steatosis grading and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat of the anterior abdominal wall. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all 181 patients underwent ultrasound scanning to determine the grade of their fatty liver, as well as to measure the thickness of the anterior abdominal wall's subcutaneous fat at the RUQ. The fatty liver grading was between 0 and 3. The questionnaire was filled out with the patient's height, weight, age, gender, fatty liver grade, thickness of subcutaneous fat, and underlying medical conditions. Results:  This study revealed that the distribution of hepatic steatosis among 47% of participants was normal (grade 0), while 42.5%, 9.4%, and 1.1% were classified as grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 of fatty liver, respectively, as per ultrasonographic classification. Quantitative analysis of abdominal adiposity showed a mean anterior abdominal wall subcutaneous fat thickness of 16.31±6.45 mm. Crucially, subcutaneous fat thickness showed a significant positive correlation with hepatic steatosis grade (r = 0.39, p = 0.001), and each additional millimeter of fat thickness raised the likelihood of advanced steatosis. These results substantiate the clinical relevance of abdominal wall fat measurement as a potential surrogate marker for NAFLD severity. Conclusion:  The current study showed that more than half of patients had fatty liver in grades 1-3, and programming to change the lifestyle of people to avoid weight gain and manage NAFLD is necessary http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-968-en.pdf Fatty Liver Subcutaneous Thickness Ultrasound eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2026-06 13 3 48 59 article Mohammadreza Bastami bastami@yahoo.com 1 Fakhredin Taghinezhad taghynejad@yahoo.com 2 Arman Azadi azadi-a@medilam.ac.ir 3 Hamid Heidarzadeh motmot19981377@gmail.com 4 Masoumeh Nouri masoomehnoori1381@gmail.com 5 Maryam Pakseresht pakseresht-m@medilam.ac.ir 6 Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Student Research Committee, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Introduction: Weaning a patient from mechanical ventilation is an important step in the treatment of patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the failure of which can be associated with adverse effects in patients. Thus, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining and comparing the success rate in the process of weaning a patient from mechanical ventilation using heat and moisture exchangers (HME) and a humidifier in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 patients treated with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit of hospitals of Ilam (Iran) were evaluated by random sampling in two intervention groups of 20 with HME and humidifier filters. In the first group, humidification of inhaled air was used using a humidifier filter, and in the second group, an HME filter was used to humidify inhaled air. Data related to the process of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation before and after the intervention were recorded in a checklist and analyzed by STATA V.12 using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in the significance less than 0.05. Results:  The rate of successful weaning was higher in the humidifier group (65%) compared with the HME group (40%), whereas weaning failure occurred in 35% and 60% of patients, respectively. Patients in the humidifier group showed a lower rate of weaning failure compared with the HME group; however, this association was not statistically significant in the adjusted analysis (OR = 0.40, P = 0.23). The PaO2/FiO2 ratio measured 30 minutes before weaning from mechanical ventilation was significantly associated with successful weaning (P = 0.003), such that each unit increase in this ratio reduced the odds of weaning failure by 3%. Conclusion:  Given the higher success rate of the humidifier filter compared to the HME in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation, the humidifier filter may be considered as a potential option for weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients admitted to the intensive care unit, though further research is needed to confirm its efficacy http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1061-en.pdf Success Weaning Mechanical Ventilation Patient Heat and Moisture Exchangers (HME) Humidifier eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2026-06 13 3 60 72 article Ali Nosrati Andevari nosrati.ali70@gmail.com 1 Najmeh Ebrahimzadeh Shahandashti najme8287@gmail.com 2 Mohsen Koolivand mkoolivand14@gmail.com 3 Faegheh Bahri faegheh.bahri9797@gmail.com 4 Rana Douseh ranadooseh@gmail.com 5 Durdi Qujeq dqujeq@gmail.com 6 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Tehran, Iran Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Introduction: Carbohydrates, popularly known as sugars, are one of three major macromolecules essential for the functioning of living organisms. Altered carbohydrate metabolism can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Uncontrolled blood glucose in T2DM is a risk factor for several serious complications, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Synthetic pharmaceuticals are often used by subjects with T2DM to reduce these risks. However, natural compounds from plants might be good candidates for enhancing carbohydrate metabolism and for the improvement of glycemic control. Discussion: The present study was aimed at assessing the biochemical and biological properties of curcumin with special reference to carbohydrate metabolism. Results:  Curcumin is the yellow pigment and the most important bioactive component of turmeric, which is obtained from the rhizomes of this medicinal plant. It has unique biological and structural features and variable bioavailability. The positive physiological effects of curcumin depend on the dose and the time of administration. Recently, curcumin nanoformulations have been proposed as novel therapeutic modalities to improve their bioavailability and clinical efficacy. Curcumin has structural properties that allow it to penetrate cells easily and exert beneficial metabolic effects by improving insulin secretion and sensitivity via modulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), lipid metabolism, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Preclinical studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that curcumin is significantly associated with pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusion:  The available evidence suggests that curcumin may significantly improve carbohydrate metabolism and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curcumin, with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing properties, may be a promising natural therapeutic agent for the management of impaired glucose metabolism. But we need large clinical trials to prove that it works in the long run, at the right dose, and is safe http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1024-en.pdf Curcumin Turmeric Carbohydrate Glycemic T2DM Preclinical RCT eng ilam university of medical sciences Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences 2383-0506 2383-0972 2026-06 13 3 73 83 article Fatemeh Fathi fatemeh.fathi1378@gmail.com 1 Ahmad Reza Fallahfaraghe ahmadreza.fallahfaraghe1928@gmail.com 2 Mohammad Adham mohammad.adham1999@gmail.com 3 Fahimeh Shojaeifar fahimehshojaefar@yahoo.com 4 BSc in Nursing, Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran BSc in Nursing, Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran BSc in Nursing, Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Introduction: Respiratory infections affect millions worldwide, and preventive practices are essential for their control. The relationship between knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices (KAP) towards respiratory viral infections and quality of life (QoL) among medical sciences students was investigated in this study. Materials & Methods: A descriptive-correlational study with 535 participants from Shahid Sadoughi University in 2021. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the SF-12 quality-of-life scale, and a KAP (knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices) questionnaire. Data were analysed with SPSS 20.0 using independent t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Spearman’s correlation at a significance level of 0.05. Results:  The results showed significant positive correlations among knowledge, attitude, and preventive practice scores (p < 0.001). However, no significant association was found between these variables and quality of life (p = 0.528, p = 0.354, and p = 0.977, respectively). Students with higher economic status reported significantly better quality of life compared to others (p = 0.003). Conclusion:  While medical students demonstrated good KAP, targeted interventions are needed to enhance practices and improve QoL, particularly among economically disadvantaged groups. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-932-en.pdf attitude knowledge practice quality of life respiratory infections