OTHERS_CITABLE Ureteral stone extraction under direct ureteroscopic vision: An alternative for routine ureteral stone management Introduction: During recent years, considerable efforts have been expended into the management of urinary stone. Here, we present our experience on ureteric stone removal without any lithotripsy interventions. Combination direct vision with basket en-trapping provided a new dimension to our ureteroscope experience. Materials and methods: Here, we reviewed the medical data of our adult patients with ≤10 mm stone size, who received primary stone extraction under direct ureteroscopic vision without lithotripsy during a 2-year period. During the six months of follow-up every patient was seen frequently. Results: The study included 69 patients from both sexes with ages ranging from 18 to 68 years. We obtained 92.7% success rate. The average length of operative procedures was 25.3 ± 10.4 min with a 14.4 % complication rate. Conclusion: Ureteral stone extraction requires considerable caution and may be associated with some complications. Stone extraction under direct ureteroscope guidance facilitates this procedure, especially in the distal stones. It seems combination direct live imaging with basket en-trapping may be helpful in these precise cases. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-374-en.pdf 2018-12-26 1 5 10.29252/jbrms.5.4.1 Urinary stone Direct vision Ureteroscopy Basket en-trapping Adult Hassan Niroomand hassanniroomand@ajaums.ac.ir 1 Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3429-6842 Sima Binaafar s.binaafar@yahoo.com 2 Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1014-2961 Amir Ehsan Shayegan 3 Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-3932 Mohsen Varyani Varyani.uorologist@gmail.com 4 Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-7675 Bijan Rezakhaniha Reza.bijan@yahoo.com 5 Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7426-4875
OTHERS_CITABLE Synthesis of poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer-based chitosan for targeted drug delivery and cell therapy Introduction: In the current study we designed a sophisticated drug delivery nanoparticle to control the methylprednisolone succinate delivery rate and affect the cancer cell growth in culture condition. Materials and methods: Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized through co-precipitation method. Fe3O4 was first prepared via co-precipitation method and then its surface was functionalized with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) nanodendrimer. PAMAM synthesis trait was detected via FT-IR and SEM methods. Methylprednisolone drug was loaded on PAMAM@Fe3O4 and its effect against cancer cell lines was studied. In order to slow down drug release rate from nanoparticles, PAMAM@Fe3O4 were coated with trimethylchitosan (TMC) after drug loading.  Performance of PAMAM@Fe3O4@TMC nanoparticles loaded with mmethylprednisolone, were evaluated against two cell lines to detect the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects by invert light scanning microscopy, immunoassay, and LDH cytotoxicity Kit. Results: According to SEM, image size of Fe3O4 was 4.79-6.37nm, which is smaller than nanodendrimer (6.30-43.67 nm). FT-IR spectrum for ester bond Methylacrylate @ Ethylendiamin was obtained to be 1720-1730 cm-1. FT-IR Spectrums 600 cm-1, 1000 cm-1 belong to Fe3O4, and Fe3O4@ NH2. Also, trimethyl chitosan coated Nanoparticle @ Drug, smearing trimethyl chitosan with Glutaraldehyde, created cross link between TMC monomer at low drug doses in each complete nanoparticle, gave confidence drug side effect, therefore, this nanoparticle could be safe for future cancer therapy. Conclusion: The results showed that drug delivery via PAMAM@Fe3O4 nanoparticle reduces cell viability in vitro condition.  http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-381-en.pdf 2018-12-26 6 13 10.29252/jbrms.5.4.6 PAMAM dendrimer Fe3O4 Trimethylchitosan Cytotoxicity Magnetic Drug delivery Leila Sofi Maryo Sofi Maryo gol.keshavarzi@gmail.com 1 Department of Biochemistry, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-0277 Nahid Haghnazari n.haghnazari@gmail.com 2 Department of Biochemistry, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4717-5153 Fatemeh Keshavarzi fkeshavarzi@iausdj.ac.ir 3 Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1131-107X Hassan Zhaleh 4 Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5944-5045 Farzad Seidi 5 Department of Chemistry, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-8215
OTHERS_CITABLE Therapeutic effects of aerial parts of Smyrnium cordifolium ethanolic extract on ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi in rats Introduction: In this study, the effects of the ethanolic extract of aerial parts (stem and leaves) of Smyrnium cordifolium (S. cordifolium) Boiss on the ethylene glycol(EG)-induced kidney calculi in rats was investigated. Materials and methods: Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided in 6 groups. Group I (normal control), Groups II (control of EG) to VI received EG 1% v/v in water for 28 days. Animals in Groups III and IV (preventive groups) received ethanolic extract of stem and leaves of S. cordifolium in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally in water for 28 days, respectively. Groups V and VI (treatment groups) received extract in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally in water from 15th to 28th day, respectively. Results: Results showed that the level of urine oxalate, blood urea and creatinine in EG group vs. normal control significantly increased (P<0.001). Extract did not show significant effect on urinary oxalate, urine volume and other blood biochemical parameters in the treatment groups (V and VI). Provision of extract resulted in significantly lower levels of urine oxalate and higher level of volume, serum creatinine and blood urea in III and IV groups as compared with Group II (P<0.05). Conclusion: These observations enable us to conclude that the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of S. cordifolium Boiss is effective against EG induced urinary calculi in rats. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-269-en.pdf 2018-12-26 14 21 10.29252/jbrms.5.4.14 Kidney stone Ethyl glycol-induced kidney calculi Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss Zohreh Dovodizadeh davodizadeh.2012@gmail.com 1 Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-9017 Leila Rouhi Lrouhi59@gmail.com 2 Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-5158 Shahrzad Azizi azizi.shahrzad@gmail.com 3 Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8202-9613
OTHERS_CITABLE The frequency of tumors of the head and neck in a 10-year period in Ilam, Iran Introduction: Cancer is one of the five leading causes of death around the world, and head and neck cancer is one of the most common incidences, leading to the death of thousands of people each year. Given the epidemiological importance of head and neck cancers, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of head and neck cancers over a 10-year period in Ilam. Materials and methods: This descriptive study was done using the files of 1106 patients with head and neck lesions who were referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in Ilam in a 10-year period between 2004 and 2015. All the data in the files, including age, sex, type and location of the lesion, was recorded, evaluated, and analyzed using independent t-tests and chi-square statistical methods with SPSS 19. Results: The annual incidence of head and neck cancers in Ilam was estimated at 1.5 per 100,000 people. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common cancer of the head and neck (18.50%). The most common site of squamous cell carcinoma occurrence was the tongue at 54%. Regarding sex, 55.5% of patients were male and 44.5% were female. Regarding malignancy, 289 lesions (26.13%) were reported as malignant and 817 lesions (73.86%) were reported as benign. Conclusion: Considering the high incidence of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma the importance of early diagnosis of these cancers and their treatment requires appropriate planning to improve survival of these patients and to reduce the disease’s complications. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-358-en.pdf 2018-12-26 22 27 10.29252/jbrms.5.4.22 Cancer Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Khadijeh Abdal fariba4479@yahoo.com 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9391-6354 Samira Mostafazadeh mostafazadeh@yahoo.com 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8620-6127 Marziyeh Darvishi dr.faribaabdal@yahoo.com 3 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-3988
OTHERS_CITABLE Investigating the factors and methods of suicide in Ilam province (from 2012 to 2016) Introduction: The phenomenon of suicide has been considered by experts of social sciences and psychology. Considering the issue of suicide, a precise analysis must first be carried out in a specific geographic region. Secondly, the cultural coordinates of the climate should be taken into account. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors and methods of suicide in Ilam province. Materials and methods: The statistical population of this research included all suicide cases committed in Ilam province from 2012 to 2016. The total sample size based on the recorded cases from 2012 to 2016 was 3078 cases. Data analysis of this research was done at two levels of descriptive and responding to research questions. At the descriptive level, indicators such as frequency, percentage, cross-tables, and frequency distribution charts were used. In the answer section of the research Kruskal Wallis and Xi-Du were used.   Results: There was a significant difference between the frequency of successful and unsuccessful suicides. 10.92% of suicides were successful and 89.08% were unsuccessful. Men tended to suicide more than women, but this was not statistically significant. In some age groups, suicide rates were higher than other groups, 34.7% were suicidal in the 21 to 25 age group, 30.06% in the age group of 31 and older, and 34.24% in the remaining age groups. Considering the methods, 73% of suicides have used pills over the last five years, and there was a significant relationship between the motivation of individuals and their tendency towards suicide (48.4%). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that in committing suicide the individual, social, and psychological factors play the main roles, the results also presented the rate of being successful or unsuccessful in committing suicides, the gender of these attempters, their age range, the education level, the manner of committing, and finally their motive to commit suicide in years of 2012 to 2016. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-343-en.pdf 2018-12-26 28 34 10.29252/jbrms.5.4.28 Suicide Ilam province Causes of suicide Suicide practices Saeid Ahmadi saeed.ahmadi.0481@gmail.com 1 Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1444-138X Akbar Varvaei dr.akbarvarvaei@yahoo.com 2 Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9354-3722 Ghobad Kazemi kazemi7879@yahoo.com 3 Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-6532
OTHERS_CITABLE Association of low serum level of secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease Introduction: Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), an anti-inflammatory adipokine, is excreted by adipose tissue and may have protective effects on cardiovascular system. In the present study, the relationships of serum level of SFRP5 with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated.   Materials and methods: In the current study, 40 control subjects, 40 stable and 40 unstable CAD patients were included. Serum level of SFRP5 in all subjects in the study was determined by immunoassay method. The severity of CAD (based on Gensini score) was assigned by angiography examination. The status of conventional risk factors was also determined. Then, the association of SFRP5 with CAD severity and traditional CAD risk factors was explored. Results: Serum level of SFRP5 was lowest in unstable CAD, followed by stable CAD patients and then control subjects (P < 0.001). The correlation of SFRP5 with Gensini score was significant only in unstable CAD patients (P < 0.01). However, the correlation of SFRP5 with the traditional CAD risk factors was relatively significant and negative in all patients (P<0.05). SFRP5 had a reverse association with the presence of CAD. Conclusions: Decreased level of serum SFRP5 is associated with the presence and severity of CAD, highlighting its usefulness as a potential clinical biomarker. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-370-en.pdf 2018-12-24 35 40 10.29252/jbrms.5.4.35 SFRP5 Unstable CAD Coronary artery diseases Safoura Abdi divin_2020@yahoo.com 1 Department of Biology, Tehran Shargh Branch, University of Payame Noor, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-534X Gholam Basati basati-gh@medilam.ac.ir 2 Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-4567
OTHERS_CITABLE Lack of association between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene polymorphism (rs35767) and power performance in professional, amateur athletes and non-athlete individuals in Iranian population Introduction: Genetic variation between individuals may include single nucleotide polymorphisms. These individual differences could change human phenotypes (such as skeletal structure, heart and lung size). Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a critical factor in growth and exercise-associated muscle development. In this study we analyzed the frequency of IGF-I rs35767 polymorphism in karate-Kas athletes to find whether there is a difference among professional, amateur athletes and non- Karate-Kas.   Materials and methods: Two hundred and fifty-four athletes (95 professional Karate-Kas, and 159 amateur Karate-Kas) and 159 non-athletic healthy individuals participated in the current study. Following provision of informed consent, 2 mL of blood samples were taken. After DNA isolation, the genotyping frequencies of the IGF-I gene C/T polymorphism was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Statistical analyses carried out using SPSS software (version 20) and data with P<0.05 were considered to be significant. Results: Frequency of T/T and C/T genotypes in comparison to C/C genotype was increased in professional Karate-Kas and amateur Karate-Kas versus to control volunteer (odd ratio > 1) however, was not significant. Odd ratios of T/T and T/C genotypes compared to C/C in professional group versus controls were 1.125 (95%CI: 0.556 - 2.275) and 1.034 (0.538 - 1.984), respectively. Also, odd ratio of T/T and T/C in amateur group versus controls were 1.002 (0.535 - 1.876) and 1.256 (0.715 - 2.205), respectively. Conclusion: The IGF-I gene C/T polymorphism is not significantly associated with the physical performance´s levels of karate-kas athletes in Iranian population. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.pdf 2018-12-31 41 46 10.29252/jbrms.5.4.41 IGF-I Polymorphism Professional Karate-Kas Amateur Karate-Kas Mohammad Reza Batavani batavani@cc.iut.ac.ir 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Center of Physical Education, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-268X Sayyed Mohammad Marandi 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3877-870X Kamran Ghaedi 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-5644 Fahime Esfarjani 4 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-8419
REVIEW_ARTICLE Fungal infection in foot diabetic patients Diabetic patients are more susceptible to cutaneous fungal infections. Cutaneous lesions and Foot infections are a frequent complication of patients with diabetes mellitus, accounting for up to 20% of diabetes-related hospital admissions. Foot ulcers and other foot problems are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in people with Diabetes mellitus. The higher blood sugar levels cause increasing the cutaneous fungal infections in these patients. More than 75% of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are at risk for diabetic ulcers. About 15% of foot ulcers in diabetic patients lead to amputations. Although every 30 seconds one leg is amputated in the world due to DM, 80% of these cases are preventable. Poor controlled had significantly higher fungal infection in diabetic foot ulcers and require careful attention and management. The findings of various studies indicate that the prevalence of fungal infections in patients with diabetic foot ulcers is increasing and there are many drug resistance issues reported in this area, therefore more attention is important in diabetic centers about this neglected issue. http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-365-en.pdf 2018-12-31 47 51 10.29252/jbrms.5.4.47 Diabetic foot ulcer Fungal infections Diabetes mellitus (DM) Omid Raiesi omid_raissi69@yahoo.com 1 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2382-550X Hajar Shabandoust 2 Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-0763 Parvin Dehghan dehghan@med.mui.ac.ir 3 Department of Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-6643 Sina Shamsaei 4 Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-6113 Ameneh Soleimani 5 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-9659