The vasomotor symptoms and skin changes in natural menopause among Iranian women 2 2 Introduction: Menopause is the most important event in middle-age. Women, in this period, face several changes. Vasomotor symptoms and skin changes are prevalent in the middle-age. This study, mainly, was performed identifying the vasomotor symptoms and skin changes in menopausal women. Materials and methods: Study sample was consisted of 150 women who have visited the healthcare centers, experienced natural menopause as discontinuity of menstrual at least for 12-monthes. They have been selected randomly. Survey instruments were structured questionnaire, informational records, symptoms and signs checklist, centi-meter and balance and the data collecting method was through interview, observation, and examination. The data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: According to study results, skin warming and hotness (55.3%), hands and legs nipping (63.3%), hirsutism of pinion lip (27.3%), reduction of armpit hair (38%), acne (12%), Skin extenuation and wrinkling (51.3%) were reported. The most important point of the study is the significant relationship between amount of tea consumption and flushing severity (P=0.008, OR=3.18). Also, there was a significant relation between education and menopause duration, sleep disorders and severity of flushing, menopause duration and skin collagen reduction (P<0.05). Conclusion: Skin and vasomotor changes is prevalent in these women. Flushing severity influenced by tea consumption, such that drinking more tea will decrease the flushing, is the start point of more researches in this field. 1 10 2015/06/28 1394/4/7 2015/08/26 1394/6/4 Masoumeh Shohani Masoumeh Shohani Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran shohani-m@medilam.ac.ir Mahboobeh Rasouli Mahboobeh Rasouli Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran Iran f.shohani@yahoo.com Fatemeh Shohani Fatemeh Shohani Department of Psychology, Velayat First High School, Ilam, Iran Iran sayehmiri@razi.tums.ac.ir Kourosh Sayehmiri Kourosh Sayehmiri Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran shohani-m@medilam.ac.ir Signs and Symptoms Skin Menopausal women Vasomotor system 1. Abrernethy K. The menopause and HRT. 2rd ed. Edinbiurg: Bailliere Tindall; 2002. P.159. ##2. Liewellyin-Jones D. Fundamental of obstetrics and gynecology. 9rd ed. London: Mosby Co: 2010. P.322.##3. Scott J. Danforth’s obstetrics & gynecology. 10rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott. W & W Co; 2008. P.333.##4. Bobak I. Maternity and women’s health care. 10rd ed. St-Louis: Mosby Co; 2011. P.577. ##5. Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical gynecology endocrinology and infertility. 8rd ed. New York: Lippincott, W & W Co; 2010. P.433.##6. Eskin B. The menopause: the comprehensive management. 4rd ed. NewYourk: The Parthenon Publishing Group; 1999. P.559-563.##7. Stanhope M and Lancaster J. Community & public health nursing. 6rd ed. St-Louis: Mosby Co; 2008.P.605.##8. Sakala E. High-yield obstetrics and gynecology. 2rd ed. New York: Lippin Cott, W & W co; 2005.P.270-273.##9. Ryan, K. Kistner’s gynecology and women health. 7rd ed. St-Louis: Mosby Co; 2005.P.430-432.##10. Ford K, Sowers MF, Crutchfield M. A longitudinal study of the predictors of prevalence and severity of symptoms commonly associated with menopause. J Menopause. 2005; 12 (3): 308-17.##11. Decherney AM, Nathan L. Current obstetric & gynecologic diagnosis and treatment. 11rd ed. NewYourk: Mc Graw Luill Co; 2012. P.670-683.##12. Hacker NF, Moore JG. Essentials of obstetrics and gynecology. 3rd ed. Philladelphia: Sannders Co; 2004. P. 499-605.##13. Brown K. Management guide lines for women’s Health Nurse Practice. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis; 2000. P. 501-513.##14. Zervas LM, Lambrinoudaki I, Spyropoulou A. Additive effect of depressed mood and vasomotor symptoms on postmenopausal insomnia. J Menopause. 2009;16 (4): 837-42.##15. Berek J. Novak’s gynecology. 15rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott. W & W co; 2014. P. 1340-1351.##16. Willocks J and Phillips K. Obstetrics and gynecology. 5rd ed. London: Churchill Living Stone; 1997. P.329-330.##17. Gangar EA. Gynecological nursing, a practical guid. Philladelphia: Churcill Living Stone; 2001. P.189.##18. Ho S. The prevalence of osteoporosis in the Hongkong Chinese female population. J Maturitase. 1999;32: 171-8.##19. Dennerstein L. Are changes in sexual functioning during midlife due to aging or menopause? J Fertility & Sterility. 2001; 76(3): 456-60.##20. Sievert LL, Morrison L, Brown DE. Vasomotor symptoms among Japanese-American and European-American women living in Hilo, Hawaii. J Menopause. 2007;14(2): 261-9.##21. Berecki-Gisolf J, Begum N, Dobson AJ. Symptoms reported by women in midlife: menopausal transition or aging? J Menopause. 2009; 16(5): 1021-9.##22. Ogbera A, Fasanmade O, Kalra S. Menopausal symptoms and the metabolic syndrome in Nigerian women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Climacteric. 2011; 14(1):75-82.##23. Pakravesh F. The knowledge menopausal women about menopause and its relationship with vasomotor signs and depression prevalence .MSc Midwifery thesis, Tehran University of medical sciences. 1996. P: 257-68.##24. Punyahotra, S. Menopausal experiences of Thai women: symptom and their correlates. J Maturitas. 1997; 26: 1-7.##25. Abedi S. The relationship between BMI and menopause age in menopausal women in Tehran. MSc Midwifery thesis, Tehran University of medical sciences. 1999. P: 221-30.##26. Chim M. The prevalence of menopausal symptom in community in Singapore”. J Maturitas. 2002; 41: 275-82.##27. Fallahzadeh H. Age at natural menopause in Yazd, Islamic Republic of Iran. J Menopause. 2007; 14(5): 900-4.##28. Dratva J, Gomez Real F, Schindler Ch. Is age at menopause increasing across Europe? Results on age at menopause and determinants from two population-based studies. J Menopause. 2009; 16(2):385-94. ##29. Blak JM. Medical-Surgical Nursing, Clincal Mangment for Positive Outcomes. 8rd ed. Philladelphia: Saunders Co; 2008. P. 351-363.##30. Abdoli S. Evaluation of the amount of preventive factors function from osteoporosis in menopausal women referring to the health care centers of Tehran University of medical sciences in 2002. MSc Nursing thesis, Tehran University of medical sciences. 2003. P: 221-230. ##31. Yousof Zadeh S and Jaafar Zadeh S. The prevalence of menopausal symptoms and age of menopause in Sabzevar women. J Asrar. 2000; 6(2):58-67.##32. Conboy L. Women at mid-life: symtoms, attitudes, and choices, an internet based survey. J Maturias. 2001; 38: 129-36.##33. Obermeyer C. Symptom reporting around the menopause in Beirut, Lebanon. J Maturitas. 1999; 33: 249-58. ##34. Schnatz P, Banever A, Greene J. Pilot study of menopause symptoms in a clinic population. J Menopause. 2005; 12(5): 623-9.##35. Boulet MJ .climacteric and menopause in seven South- East Asian countries. J maturitas. 1994; 19(3):157-76.##36. Rizk DE. The age and symptomatology of natural menopause among United Arab Emirates women. J Maturitas. 1998; 29:197-202.##37. Cary J Ch & Rayburn WF. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 4rd ed. St. Louis: Lippin Cott. W & W; 2002.P.571-579.##38. Pasquali R, Casimirri F, Labate AM, Tortelli O, Pascal G, Anconetani B, et al. Body weight, fat distribution and the menopausal status in women. The VMH Collaborative GroupInt. J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1994; 18(9):614-21.##39. Bensaleh H, Belgnaoui FZ, Douira L. Skin and menopause. Ann Endocrinol. 2006; 67(6):575-80.##40. Patriarca MT, Goldman KZ, Dos Santos JM. Effects of topical estradiol on the facial skin collagen of postmenopausal women under oral hormone therapy: a pilot study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007; 130(2):202-5. ##41. Calleja-Agius J, Muscat-Baron Y, Brincat MP. Skin ageing. J Menopause. 2007; 13(2):60-4.##42. Brincat MP. Oestrogens and the skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2004; 3(1):41-9. ## ##

Expression of BCL2L12 in acute leukemia patients: Potential association with clinical and prognostic factors 2 2 Introduction: Apoptosis is an important mechanism in both physiological and pathological conditions. The BCL2 family of proteins plays a critical role in regulation of apoptotic cell death. Up and down regulation of BCL2-like 12 (BCL2L12), a new member of the BCL2 family, has been reported in several malignancies. However, the expression level of BCL2L12 rarely has been studied in leukemia. This study was designed to investigate the mRNA expression of BCL2L12 in patients with acute leukemia. Materials and methods: 90 patients with acute leukemia as case group and 90 healthy persons as controls, were participated this study. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Expression level of BCL2L12 mRNA was evaluated by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method and its association with clinical and laboratory findings was analyzed. Results: The expression of BCL2L12 mRNA was significantly lower in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases comparing the controls (P<0.001), while it was not significantly different in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples compared the control group. In addition, there were higher BCL2L12 level in females (than in males) and in patients with t(1221) in ALL patients. There was no association between BCL2L12 expression level and other clinical and laboratory findings of AML patients. Conclusion: BCL2L12 seems play a role in the pathogenesis of ALL. Further studies with larger sample size is needed to clarify its probable impact on prognosis and therapeutic response. 11 19 2015/06/282015/09/16 1394/6/25 2015/08/262015/11/16 1394/8/25 Hassan Boustani Hassan Boustani Department of Lab Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Sadeghianmh@mums.ac.ir Hossein Ayatollahi Hossein Ayatollahi Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Sadeghianmh@mums.ac.ir Hossein Rahimi Hossein Rahimi Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Sadeghianmh@mums.ac.ir Samaneh Boroumand-Noughabi Samaneh Boroumand-Noughabi Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Iran Sadeghianmh@mums.ac.ir Masoumeh Gharib Masoumeh Gharib Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Sadeghianmh@mums.ac.ir Mohammad Alidadi Mohammad Alidadi Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Sadeghianmh@mums.ac.ir Arezoo Shajiei Arezoo Shajiei Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Sadeghianmh@mums.ac.ir Mohammad Hadi Sadeghian Mohammad Hadi Sadeghian Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Sadeghianmh@mums.ac.ir Acute myeloid leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) BCL2L12 Apoptosis 1. Dewson G, Kluck RM. Bcl-2 family-regulated apoptosis in health and disease. Cell Health Cytoskeleton. 2010; 2(1):9-22.##2. Kontos CK, Christodoulou MI, Scorilas A. Apoptosis-related BCL2-Family Members: Key Players in Chemotherapy. Antican Agent Med Chem. 2013; 2(1):123-9.##3. Borner C. The Bcl-2 protein family: sensors and checkpoints for life-or-death decisions. Mol Immunol. 2003; 39(11):615-47.##4. Kirkin V, Joos S, Zörnig M. The role of Bcl-2 family members in tumorigenesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2004; 1644(2):229-49.##5. Tzifi F, Economopoulou C, Gourgiotis D, Ardavanis A, Papageorgiou S, Scorilas A. The role of BCL2 family of apoptosis regulator proteins in acute and chronic leukemias. Advanc Hematol. 2011; 4(1):342-8.##6. Ackler S, Mitten MJ, Foster K, Oleksijew A, Refici M, Tahir SK, et al. The Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-263 enhances the response of multiple chemotherapeutic regimens in hematologic tumors in vivo. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010; 66(5):869-80.##7. Kang MH, Reynolds CP. Bcl-2 inhibitors: targeting mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2009; 15(4):1126-32.##8. Yip K, Reed J. Bcl-2 family proteins and cancer. Oncogene. 2008;27(50):6398-406.##9. Deng X, Kornblau SM, Ruvolo PP, May WS. Regulation of Bcl2 phosphorylation and potential significance for leukemic cell chemoresistance. JNCI Monographs.2000; 2000(28):30-7.##10. Chauhan D, Velankar M, Brahmandam M, Hideshima T, Podar K, Richardson P, et al. A novel Bcl-2/Bcl-XL/Bcl-w inhibitor ABT-737 as therapy in multiple myeloma. Oncogene. 2007;26(16):2374-80.##11. Frenzel A, Grespi F, Chmelewskij W, Villunger A. Bcl2 family proteins in carcinogenesis and the treatment of cancer. Apoptosis. 2009;14(4):584-96.##12. Flora T, Christina E, Dimitrios G, Alexandros A, Sotirios P, Andreas S. The role of bcl2 family of apoptosis regulator proteins in acute and chronic leukemias. Adv Hematol. 2012; 2012: 524308.##13. Papageorgiou SG, Kontos CK, Pappa V, Thomadaki H, Kontsioti F, Dervenoulas J, et al. The novel member of the BCL2 gene family, BCL2L12, is substantially elevated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, supporting its value as a significant biomarker. Oncologist. 2011; 16(9):1280-91.##14. Nakajima A, Nishimura K, Nakaima Y, Oh T, Noguchi S, Taniguchi T, et al. Cell type-dependent proapoptotic role of BCL2L12 revealed by a mutation concomitant with the disruption of the juxtaposed Irf3 gene. Proc Nation Acad Sci. 2009;106(30):12448-52.##15. Stegh AH, Kim H, Bachoo RM, Forloney KL, Zhang J, Schulze H, et al. Bcl2L12 inhibits post-mitochondrial apoptosis signaling in glioblastoma. Gene Develop. 2007;21(1):98-111.##16. Fendri A, Kontos CK, Khabir A, Mokdad-Gargouri R, Scorilas A. BCL2L12 is a novel biomarker for the prediction of short-term relapse in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Med. 2011;17(3-4):163.##17. Thomadaki H, Talieri M, Scorilas A. Prognostic value of the apoptosis related genes BCL2 and BCL2L12 in breast cancer. Cancer Lett. 2007;247(1):48-55.##18. Korbakis D, Scorilas A. Quantitative expression analysis of the apoptosis-related genes BCL2, BAX and BCL2L12 in gastric adenocarcinoma cells following treatment with the anticancer drugs cisplatin, etoposide and taxol. Tumor Biol. 2012;33(3):865-75.##19. Florou D, Papadopoulos IN, Scorilas A. Molecular analysis and prognostic impact of the novel apoptotic gene BCL2L12 in gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Communicat. 2010; 391(1):214-8.##20. Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, Brunning RD, Borowitz MJ, Porwit A, et al. The 2008 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia: rationale and important changes. Blood. 2009;114(5):937-51. ##21. Pui CH. Acute lymphoid leukemia. In: Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Kipps TJ, Seligsohn U, Prchal PT, editors. Williams Hematology. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2010: P.1409-1411.##22. Grimwade D, Hills RK, Moorman AV, Walker H, Chatters S, Goldstone AH, et al. Refinement of cytogenetic classification in acute myeloid leukemia: determination of prognostic significance of rare recurring chromosomal abnormalities among 5876 younger adult patients treated in the United Kingdom Medical Research Council trials. Blood. 2010;116(3):354-65.##23. Rockova V, Abbas S, Wouters BJ, Erpelinck CA, Beverloo HB, Delwel R, et al. Risk stratification of intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia: integrative analysis of a multitude of gene mutation and gene expression markers. Blood. 2011;118(4):1069-76.##24. Konopleva M, Zhao S, Hu W, Jiang S, Snell V, Weidner D, et al. The anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2 are over-expressed and contribute to chemoresistance of non-proliferating leukaemic CD34+ cells. Br J Haematol. 2002 ;118(2):521-34.##25. Campos L, Rouault J-P, Sabido O, Oriol P, Roubi N, Vasselon C, et al. High expression of bcl-2 protein in acute myeloid leukemia cells is associated with poor response to chemotherapy. Blood. 1993;81(11):3091-6.##26. Reed JC. Bcl-2–family proteins and hematologic malignancies: history and future prospects. Blood. 2008;111(7):3322-30.##27. Parker JE, Mufti GJ, Rasool F, Mijovic A, Devereux S, Pagliuca A. The role of apoptosis, proliferation, and the Bcl-2–related proteins in the myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia secondary to MDS. Blood. 2000;96(12):3932-8.##28. Milella M, Estrov Z, Kornblau SM, Carter BZ, Konopleva M, Tari A, et al. Synergistic induction of apoptosis by simultaneous disruption of the Bcl-2 and MEK/MAPK pathways in acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood. 2002;99(9):3461-4.##29. Coustan-Smith E, Kitanaka A, Pui C-H, McNinch L, Evans WE, Raimondi SC, et al. Clinical relevance of BCL-2 overexpression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 1996;87(3):1140-6.##30. Del Principe MI, Del Poeta G, Maurillo L, Buccisano F, Venditti A, Tamburini A, et al. P‐glycoprotein and BCL‐2 levels predict outcome in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2003;121(5):730-8.##31. Baghdassarian N, Bertrand Y, Ffrench P, Duhaut P, Bryon P, Ffrench M. Role of BCL‐2 and cell cycle regulatory proteins for corticosensitivity assessment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2000;109(1):109-16.##32. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001; 25:402-408.##33. Scorilas A, Kyriakopoulou L, Yousef GM, Ashworth LK, Kwamie A, Diamandis EP. Molecular cloning, physical mapping, and expression analysis of a novel gene, BCL2L12, encoding a proline-richprotein with a highly conserved BH2 domain of the Bcl-2 family. Genomics. 2001; 72(2):217-21.##34. Foutadakis S, Avgeris M, Tokas T, Stravodimos K, Scorilas A. Increased BCL2L12 expression predicts the short-term relapse of patients with TaT1 bladder cancer following transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Urol Oncol. 2014;32(1):e29-36. ##35. Thomadaki H, Floros KV, Pavlovic S, Tosic N, Gourgiotis D, Colovic M, et al. Overexpression of the novel member of the BCL2 gene family, BCL2L12, is associated with the disease outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Biochem. 2012;45(16-17):1362-7.##36. Yu MX, Lu Y, Mu QT, Wang Q, Chen ZM, Lou JY, Jin J. Expression of BCL2L12 gene in de novo acute myeloid leukemia and its clinical implications. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2013;30(5):544-8.##37. Tzovaras A, Kladi-Skandali A, Michaelidou K, Zografos GC3, Missitzis I, Ardavanis A, Scorilas A.BCL2L12: a promising molecular prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Clin Biochem. 2014;47(18):257-62.##38. Karan-Djurasevic T, Palibrk V, Zukic B, Spasovski V, Glumac I, Colovic M, Colovic N, Jurisic V, Scorilas A, Pavlovic S, Tosic N.Expression of Bcl2L12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients: association with clinical and molecular prognostic markers. Med Oncol. 2013;30(1):405. ##39. Sahu G, Jena RK.Clinical significance of P53 and Bcl-2 in acute myeloid leukemia patients of Eastern India. Hematol Rep. 2011;3(3):e28.##40. El-Shakankiry NH, El-Sayed GM, El-Maghraby S, Moneer MM. Bcl-2 protein expression in egyptian acute myeloid leukemia. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2009;21(1):71-6.## ##

Investigating the relationship between personality characteristics, self-control, and general health among the students of public and clinical psychology in Islamic Azad University of Ilam 2 2 Introduction: Mental health is a branch of science focused on promoting welfare, social welfare, and life health which is related to all periods (from birth to death) and aspects of life (family environment, school, university, appointment, and society). Personality is a collection of mental characteristics that consistently exists within individuals and influences their behaviors and thoughts. Self-control as one of the unique personality characteristics varies from one person to another. Materials and methods: The present study is a correlational descriptive study. The target population of this research includes all graduate students of public and clinical psychology studying in Islamic Azad University of Ilam during academic year of 93-94. According to statistics there were approximately 536 students in this field. Out of this number 224 students were selected through simple random sampling. Measurement instruments included: Tangney and Baumeister (2004) Self-Control Scale, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. For the analysis of findings of this study Kalmogorov–Smiranov test, correlation, and regression analysis were run through statistical software of SPSS. Results: Results of this research showed that personal characteristics and self-control predicted 86% of variance that is, significantly predicted the level of mental health among students. Results of correlation revealed significant relationship between self-control and mental health. In addition, there were significant relation between personality traits and self-control. In other words, it can be said that personality characteristics have a substantial role in predicting mental health and there is also significant relationship between the variables under study. Conclusion: It can be said that self-control is one of the most important personality characteristics that influences individuals’ mental health. 20 25 2015/06/282015/09/162015/04/22 1394/2/2 2015/08/262015/11/162015/12/2 1394/9/11 Seyed Rahmatollah Mousavi Moghadam Seyed Rahmatollah Mousavi Moghadam Department of Islamic Theology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran prof.m1344@gmail.com Somayeh Malekian Somayeh Malekian Department of Psychology, Research and Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran Iran Somaye1988.m@gmail Maryam Karamshahi Maryam Karamshahi Department of Psychology, Research and Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran Iran Somaye1988.m@gmail.com Personality characteristics Self-control General health 1. Garousifarshi M. New approach in personality assessment (use of factor analysis in the study of personality). Printing. Tabriz: Publication of Daniel and the research community, 2002.##2. Mohammadi D. Mehrabizadeh-Honarmand M. Relationship between religious attitude and position control and the role of gender. J Psychol Res. 2014; 9(3 and 4): 47-62.##3. Lashkari M. Mental health in Islam. J Qazvin Uni Med Sci. 2015; 24(2):561-7.##4. Rabinz SP, Debi SD. Organizational Behavior. 4th ed.1998. Translation by Amrabi M, Hamid Rafiei M, Asrariershad B. Tehran Publications Office of Cultural Research: 2007.##5. John OP, Srivastava S. The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In: L. A. Pervin, & O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research; New York: Guilford Press.1999.P. 102-38. ##6. Markis HR. Culture and personality. Brief for an arranged marriage. J Res Person. 2004; 38:75-83.##7. Desmond SA. Religion, prosocial learning, self-control, and delinquency. J Person. 2008;4(1):541-7.##8. ShirI A. Bagheritadi N, Mehrpouyan N, Heydarianghaleh H. Examine the relationship between self-control and mental health: A Case Study of ILAM University. J Manag Entrepreneurship Econom Develop. 2014;8(2):682-8.##9. Bahramikhondabi F. The relationship between self-control and quality of life among male and female university students. J Ment Health. 2003;5(3):976-81.##10. Mohammadimosiri F. The role of self-control, quality of relationships with parents and school mental health and anti-social behavior in adolescents. Develop Psychol J. 2012; 8(32):398-7.##11. Dastourati M, Pourusef S. Investigate the relationship between personality traits and mental health and job satisfaction. Inspections. 2012; 4(20):110-5.##12. Barrick MR, Parks LM, Michael k. Self-Monitoring as a moderator of the relationships between personality traits and performance. Person Psychol. 2005; 58(4):745-65.##13. Tangeny JP, Baumeister RF. High self- control predictts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. J Person. 2004; 72(2):271-322.##14. Samari AA. The study of the interrelationships of personality traits and job stress in the workplace. J Ment Health. 2007; 5(21 and 22):19-28.##15. Baron RA. Personality and organizational conflict: Effect of the type a behavior pattern and self-monitoring. Organ Behav Human Decision Proc. 1989; 44(2):281-96.## ##

The prevalence of elder abuse and associated factors among the elderly in Kashan city, Iran 2 2 Introduction: Elder abuse is among the major social health problems in today`s communities, and has significant effect on decreasing the health and security level in this group. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of abuse among the elderly in Kashan, Iran. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 500 people over 60 years old in Kashan, Iran in 2014. Subjects were randomly selected from 10 healthcare centers of Kashan. Data were collected using elder abuse questionnaire. Cronbach alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was determined as 0.975. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13. Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. The statistically significant level was P<0.05. Results: Results of the current study showed that 80% of subjects have experienced at least one type of abuse during the last year. The highest rate of abuse was in the form of financial abuse (45.6%), and the lowest was in ostracizing (16.6%). There was a statistical significant relationship between the elder abuse and variables such as sex, age, number of children, marital status, living arrangement, residential situation, home properties, monthly income, insurance situation, illness history, walking ability and using mobility aids. Logistic regression analysis also showed significant relationship between the elder abuse and unemployment, living in an apartment, and the age range 71-80 years. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of abuse among the elderly, clarification of this phenomenon is considered as one of the main priorities, which can be achieved only through multidisciplinary approach in the community, and needs cooperation and collaboration of all community members. 26 34 2015/06/282015/09/162015/04/222014/11/28 1393/9/7 2015/08/262015/11/162015/12/22015/08/29 1394/6/7 Zahra khalili Zahra khalili Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Iran khalili1366@yahoo.com Mohsen Taghadosi Mohsen Taghadosi Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Iran Taghadosi_m@kaums.ac.ir Hamidreza Gilasi Hamidreza Gilasi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Iran hrgilasi@yahoo.com Ali Sadrollahi Ali Sadrollahi 4. Department of Clinical Affairs, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Iran Prevalence Elder Abuse 1. Fotoukian Z, Mohammadi Shahboulaghi F, Fallahi Khoshknab M. Analytical on empowerment interventions in older people with chronic disease: A review literature. J Health Promot Manage. 2013;2(4):65-76.##2. Oh J, Kim HS, Martins D, Kim H. A study of elder abuse in Korea. Int J Nurs stud. 2006;43(2):203-14.##3. WHO Centre for Health Development. Kobe J. Global health expectancy research among older people. 2001;1(2001): 10.##4. Farzianpour F, Foroushani AR, Badakhshan A, Gholipour M, Roknabadi EH. Quality of life for elderly residents in nursing homes. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;8(4):51676.##5. Adib-Hajbaghery M, Aghahoseini S. The evaluation of disability and its related factors among the elderly population in Kashan, Iran. BMC Public Health. 2007;7(1):261.##6. Rezai S, Manoochehri M. Comparison of mental disorders between home owner residents and nurse homes elders. Iran J Age. 2008;3(7):16-25.##7. Pérez-Rojo G, Izal M, Montorio I, Penhale B. Risk factors of elder abuse in a community dwelling Spanish sample. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49(1):17-21.##8. Lachs MS, Pillemer K. Elder abuse. Lancet. 2004;364(9441): 1263-72.##9. Beach SR, Schulz R, Castle NG, Rosen J. Financial exploitation and psychological mistreatment among older adults: Differences between African Americans and Non-African Americans in a population-based survey. Gerontologist. 2010;50(6): 744-57.##10. Gharanjik A, Mohammadi F, Ansari G, Najafi F, Ghaderi S, Ashrafi K, et al . [The prevalence of depression in older Turkmen adults in 1389.] Salmand. 2011; 6 (3) :34-9. (Persian) ##11. Heravi M, Anoosheh M, Frooghan M, Shaikhi MT, Hajizadeh E. Elder abuse by family members: An exploration in the lived experiences of older people. Iran J Nurs Res . 2010;5(18):6-17.##12. Dong X, Simon MA, Evans DA. Prevalence of self-neglect across gender, race, and socioeconomic status: findings from the Chicago health and aging project. Gerontology. 2011;58(3):258-68.##13. Dong X, Simon M, Beck T, Farran C, McCann J, Mendes de Leon C, et al. Elder abuse and mortality: The role of psychological and social wellbeing. Gerontology. 2010;57(6):549-58.##14. Dong X, Beck T, Simon MA. The associations of gender, depression and elder mistreatment in a community-dwelling Chinese population: the modifying effect of social support. Arch Gerontolc Geriatr. 2010;50(2):202-8.##15. Dong XQ, Simon M, Evans D. Cross-sectional study of the characteristics of reported elder self-neglect in a community-dwelling population: findings from a population-based cohort. Gerontology. 2009;56(3):325-34.##16. Dong X, Simon MA. Association between elder abuse and use of ED: findings from the Chicago Health and Aging Project. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(4):693-8.##17. Clancy M, McDaid B, O\'Neill D, O\'Brien JG. National profiling of elder abuse referrals. Age Ageing. 2011;40(3):346-52.##18. Acierno R, Hernandez MA, Amstadter AB, Resnick HS, Steve K, Muzzy W, et al. Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in the United States: the National Elder Mistreatment Study. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(2):292-7.##19. Comijs HC, Pot AM, Smit JH, Bouter LM, Jonker C. Elder abuse in the community: Prevalence and consequences. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46(7):885-8.##20. Cooper C, Selwood A, Livingston G. The prevalence of elder abuse and neglect: a systematic review. Age Ageing. 2008;37(2):151-60.##21. Karimi M, Elahi N. Elderly abuse in Ahwaz city and its relationship with individual and social characteristics. Iran J Ageing. 2008;3(7):42-7.##22. Amir-Sadri A, Soleimani H. Elderly phenomena and its outcomes in IRAN. J Hygin Health. 2005;1(2):19-35.##23. Nikbakht Nasrabadi A, Hossein Abbasi N1, Mehrdad N. The prevalence of violence against Iranian women and its related factors. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;7(3):37-45.##24. Heravi Karimoei M. Frequency of elder abuse within family in members of Senior Social Clubs in Tehran City. Iran J Ageing. 2012;6(4):37-50.##25. Heravi-Karimooi M, Anoosheh M, Foroughan M, Sheykhi M, Hajizadeh E. [Designing and determining psychometric properties of the Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire.] Salmand. 2010; 5 (1) :7-21. (Persian) ##26. Kishimoto Y, Terada S, Takeda N, Oshima E, Honda H, Yoshida H, et al. Abuse of people with cognitive impairment by family caregivers in Japan (a cross-sectional study). Psychiatry Res. 2013;209(3):699-704.##27. Naughton C, Drennan J, Lyons I, Lafferty A, Treacy M, Phelan A, et al. Elder abuse and neglect in Ireland: results from a national prevalence survey. Age Ageing. 2012;41(1):98-103.##28. Wu L, Chen H, Hu Y, Xiang H, Yu X, Zhang T, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of elder mistreatment in a rural community in People\'s Republic of China: a cross-sectional study. PloS One. 2012;7(3):e33857.##29. Penhale B. Older women, domestic violence, and elder abuse: A review of commonalities, differences, and shared approaches. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2003;15(3-4):163-83.##30. Wang JJ. Psychological abuse and its characteristic correlates among elderly Taiwanese. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2006;42(3):307-18.##31. Anme T, McCall M, Tatara T. An exploratory study of abuse among frail elders using services in a small village in Japan. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2005;17(2):1-20.##32. Erlingsson CL, Carlson SL, Saveman BI. Perceptions of elder abuse: voices of professionals and volunteers in Sweden–an exploratory study. Scand J Car Sci. 2006;20(2):151-9.##33. Puchkov P. Elder abuse: current research in the Russian Federation (2004-2006). J Adult Protect. 2006;8(4):4-12.##34. Yan EC-W, Tang CS-K. Elder abuse by caregivers: A study of prevalence and risk factors in Hong Kong Chinese families. J Fam Viol. 2004;19(5):269-77.##35. Staggs VS. Trends, victims, and injuries in injurious patient assaults on adult, geriatric, and child/adolescent psychiatric units in US hospitals, 2007-2013. Res Nurs Health. 2015;38(2):115-20.##36. Pérez-Cárceles M, Rubio L, Pereniguez J, Pérez-Flores D, Osuna E, Luna A. Suspicion of elder abuse in South Eastern Spain: The extent and risk factors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49(1):132-7.##37. Dong X, Simon MA, Gorbien M. Elder abuse and neglect in an urban Chinese population. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2007;19(3-4):79-96.##38. Paveza GJ, Cohen D, Eisdorfer C, Freels S, Semla T, Ashford JW, et al. Severe family violence and Alzheimer\'s disease: Prevalence and risk factors. Gerontologist. 1992;32(4):493-7.##39. Risco RC, Paniagua VMC, Jiménez MG, Poblador CM, Molina ML, Buitrago F. [Prevalence and risk factors of suspicion abuse in elder population]. Medicina Clinica. 2005;125(2):51-5. ##40. Garre‐Olmo J, Planas‐Pujol X, López‐Pousa S, Juvinyà D, Vilà A, Vilalta‐Franch J. Prevalence and risk factors of suspected elder abuse subtypes in people aged 75 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(5):815-22.##41. Oveisi S, Karimi R, Mahram M. Note from Iran: Self-reported elder abuse in Qazvin, 2012. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2014;26(3):337-40. ## ##

Correlation of 16s rRNA with serum levels of the cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, in subjects with a positive Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen test (HPSA) 2 2 Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), is a bacterium responsible for upper gastrointestinal tract diseases. The 16s rRNA is a common H. pylori gene which are usually preferred for diagnosis purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and abundance of 16s rRNA in fecal samples and also evaluate correlation between the level of 16s rRNA and activities of the cytokines, TNF-&alpha and IL-1&beta, in serum. Materials and methods: The present study was performed on 84 subjects with digestion problems. Fecal and blood samples were collected and 16s rRNA gene was assayed using PCR. The serum levels of TNF-&alpha and IL-1&beta levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The results of the study revealed that there was a positive correlation between the 16s rRNA gene, H. pylori stool antigen (HPSA) and TNF-&alpha cytokine. The study also noted that with every unit of increase in either of the quantified parameters of HPSA and IL-1&beta, the presence of 16s rRNA in fecal samples, showed a 2.98 and 1.01 times rise, respectively. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it may be concluded that activities of cytokine TNF-a correlated well with the presence of HPSA and 16srRNA gene in the stomach’s lining. Increase in the activities of HPSA and TNF-a cytokine could be associated with the presence of 16s rRNA in feces. 35 40 2015/06/282015/09/162015/04/222014/11/282015/07/16 1394/4/25 2015/08/262015/11/162015/12/22015/08/292015/09/17 1394/6/26 Ayat Moradipour Ayat Moradipour Department of Microbiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran Iran ayatmoradipour@yahoo.com Afra Khosravi Afra Khosravi Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran afrakhosravi@yahoo.co.uk Mohamadreza Mehrabi Mohamadreza Mehrabi Department of Laboratory Sciences, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran Iran mehrabi.mehr@gmail.com Sara Faryadian Sara Faryadian Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran afrakhosravi@yahoo.co.uk Helicobacter pylori 16s rRNA TNF-α IL- 1β HPSA 1. Momtaz H, Souod N, Dabiri H, Sarshar M. Study of Helicobacter pylori genotype status in saliva, dental plaques, stool and gastric biopsy samples. World J Gastroenterol. 2012; 18(17):2105-11.##2. Jang-Jih L, Cherng-Lih P, Rong-Yaun S, Chi-Hsiang C, Qinyuan L, Sonny K, et al. Comparison of five PCR methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in gastric tissues. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37(3):772-4.##3. Bickley J, Owen RJ, Fraser AG, Pounder RE. Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for detecting the urease C gene of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy samples and dental plaque. J Med Microbiol. 1993;39(5):338-44.##4. Smith SI, Fowora MA, Lesi OA, Agbebaku E, Odeigah P, Abdulkareem FB, et al. Application of stool-PCR for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori from stool in Nigeria- a pilot study. Springerplus. 2012;50:1021-9.##5. Kabir S. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Faeces by Culture, PCR and Enzyme Immunoassay. J Med Microbiol. 2001; 50:1021-9.##6. Sueli Mieko O, Miyuki U, Lucy S. Association of Lewis and Secretor gene polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity among Japanese-Brazilians. J Gastroenterol. 2004:39:717-23.##7. Farshad S, Japanese A, Alborz A, Kalani M. [Genotyping of H. pylori strains isolated from patients with peptic ulcer or gastric ulcer based on RFLP-PCR gene ureAB, vacA and cagA.] J Hamadan Uni Med Sci. 2008; 15(3):7-11. (Persian) ##8. Goosen C, Theron J, Ntsala M, Maree FF, Olckers A, Botha SJ, et al. Evaluation of a novel Heminested PCR assay based on the phosphoglucosamine mutase gene for detection of Helicobacter pylori in saliva and dental plaque. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(1):205-9.##9. Oba-Shinjo SM, Uno M, Ito LS, Shinio SK. Association of Lewis and Secretor gene polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori seropositivity among Japanese-Brazilians. J Gastroenterol. 2004;39:717-23.##10. Vaez J, Amini M. [A review of the latest information on characteristics and virulence of H. pylor.] J Shaheed Sadoughi Uni Med Sci. 1387; 54:97-110. (Persian)##11. Braunwald E, Fauci A, kasper D. Harrison’s principle of internal medicine 15th ed, USA, Macgrow-Hill. 2001.P.960-962.##12. Moslehi AM, Mahmoodi N, Saneian H, Rahimi H. The acquisition of H. pylori infection risk factors associated with iron deficiency anemia and its impact on child development. J Med Isfahan. 1391; 30(221):2476-81.##13. Ahmad T, Soheil KH, Rizwan M, Mukhtar M, Rakhshnda B, Khanum A. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity associated cagA and vacA genotypes among Pakistanian dyspeptic patients. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2009;55(1):34-8.##14. Lopez-Vidal Y, Leon S, Rojas G, Barreto-Zúñiga R, Torre-Delgadillo A. High diversity of vac A and cag A Helicobacter pylori genotypes in patients with and without gastric cancer. PLoS One. 2008; 12:1-7.##15. Saribasak H, Salih BA, Yamaoka Y, Sander E. Analysis of Helicobacter pylori genotypes and correlation with clinicaloutcomes in Turkey. J Clin Microbial. 2004; 42(4):1648-51.##16. Miciuleviciene J, Calkauskas H, Jonaitis L, Kiudelis G, Tamosiūnas V, Praskevicius A, et al. Helicobacter pylori genotypes in Lithuanian patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer. Medicina. 2008;44(6):449-54.##17. Chiarini A, Cala C, Bonura C, Gullo A, Giuliana G, Peralta S, et al. Prevalence of virulence-associated genotypes of Helicobacter pylori and correlation with severity of gastric pathology in patients from Western Sicily, Italy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009; 28:437-46.##18. Khayat A, Soweid A, Katter M, Tawil AN, El Hajj II, Azar C, et al. Prevalence and clinical relevance of Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA genes in Lebanese patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases. J Infect. 2007;1(1):55-61.##19. Iranikhah A, Ghadir M, Sarkeshikian S, Saneian H, Heiari A, Mahvari M. Stool antigen tests for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in children. Iran J Pediatr. 2013;23(2):138-42.##20. Rosemary C, Andrew R, Christine M. Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM Serologic Testing Compared to Stool Antigen Testing. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009;16(8):1253-5.##21. Gulcan Em, Varol A, Kutlu T, Cullu F, Erkan T, Adal E. Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen Test. Ind J Pediatr. 2005;72:675-8.##22. Abdollahi H. IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in serum and stomach mucosa of Helicobacter pylori- Infected patients. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;10(4): 267-71.##23. Bayraktaroglu T, Aras AS, Aydemir S, Davutoğlu C, Ustündağ Y, Atmaca H. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 are not increased in dyspeptic patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Mediator Inflamm. 2004; 13(1):25-8.##24. Fan XG, Chua A, Fan XJ, Keeling P WN. Increased gastric production of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. J Clin Pathol. 1995; 48:133-6.##25. Lindholm C, Quiding-Järbrink M, Lönroth H, Hamlet A, Svennerholm AM. Local cytokine response in Helicobacter pylori- infected subjects. Infect Immun. 1998; 66(12): 5964-71.## ##

Investigating the prevalence of congenital anomalies and its associated factors in Ilam city 2 2 Introduction: Congenital anomalies are a common cause of disability and mortality in newborns and their treatments involves high costs for the society. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of congenital anomalies and their causes. Materials and methods: This research was a descriptive-analytical study and the population included all the newborns in hospitals of the city of Ilam in 2011. Variables of abnormality type, birth status, and medical and genetic illness histories were included into the data collection forms. Data was analyzed through Chi-square tests and Fisher;#39s exact test using SPSS software. Results: Of 460 neonates, 5.4 percent (25 cases) had died at birth and 3.7 percent (16 infants) were born with a birth defect. 43.8 percent of malformed babies had a family history. 31.3 % of the malformed babies had genetic syndromes, whose parents had consanguineous marriage. 18.8% of babies with defects in the central nervous system and cardiovascular system showed a similar percentage of disorder. The defect in the urinary system, head and neck each accounted for 12.5 percent. Conclusion: This study shows that consanguineous marriages can be the most common genetic cause of genetic syndromes. 41 45 2015/06/282015/09/162015/04/222014/11/282015/07/162015/04/8 1394/1/19 2015/08/262015/11/162015/12/22015/08/292015/09/172015/06/28 1394/4/7 Kourosh Sayehmiri Kourosh Sayehmiri Research Center for Prevention of Psychosocial trauma, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran delnianoori@gmail.com Mohammad Reza Kaffashian Mohammad Reza Kaffashian Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran delnianoori@gmail.com Elahe Ranaei Elahe Ranaei Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran delnianoori@gmail.com Congenital malformations Genetic syndromes Consanguineous Marriages 1. Zlotogora J, Haklai Z, Rotem N, Georgi M, Berlovit Z, Levental A, et al. Relative prevalence of malformations at birth among different religious communities in Israel. Am J Med Gent. 2003; 122(1): 59-62.##2. Anastasiadis P, Tsikouras P, Dafopoulos K, Liberis V, Galazios G, Koutlaki N. Epidemiology of congenital anomalies in differentethcnicities. Clan Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 32(1): 71-4.##3. Perini J, Dames K, Johnston RB. An overview of infant mortality and birth defects in the United States. Teratology.1997; 56: 8-10. ##4. Graham J. M. Fetal dysmorphology. Clin Perinatol.1990; 17(3): 513-47.##5. Bruce A. Teratogenic potential of cocaine.Seminar in Perinatology. 1996; 20(2): 93-98, 115.##6. Anthony S, Vander Pal-de bruin KM, Graafmans WC. The reliability of perinatal and neonatal mortality rates: differential under- reporting in linked professional registers VS. Dutch Civil registers. Pediatr Perinatal Epidemiol.2001; 15: 306-14.##7. Terry PB, Bissenden JG, Gondie RG, Mathew PM. Ethnic differences in congenital malformations.Arch Dis Childhood. 1985; 60: 866-8.##8. Shajari h, Mohammadin .Apparent Prevalence of congenital anomalies in infants born at Shariati Hospital in Tehran.Journal Pediatrics in Iran. Volume 16 Issue 3-1385 ##9. Marzban a. Sadiqzadeh m. Prevalence of disorders of the nervous system marked the born- valiAsr Hospital in Zanjan. Quarterly - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences -1384##10. Park CH, Stewart W, Khoury MJ, Mulinare J. Is there etiologic heterogeneity between upper & lower neural tube defects (NTD)? Epidemiology.1992; 136: 1493-1501. ##11. Leck I ,Lancashire RJ. Birth prevalence of malformation in members of different ethnic groups and in the offspring of mattings between thems , in Birmingham,England,J Epidemiol Community Health.##12. Youman S. Neurological Surgery. 3rd ed. New York; NY; 1990; (2): p. 39; 40. ##13. Lary JM, Paoulozzi LJ. Sex differences in the prevalent of human birth defects: population based study .Teratology .2001: 64:237-51.##14. GaryVF,Harkins ME, Erickson LL, Long-Simpson LK, Holland SE, Burrough Bl. Birth defects ,season of conception , and sex of children born to pesticide applicators living in the Red River vally of Minnesota,USA. Environ Health Perspect .2002;82:349-52. ##15. ChoudhuryAR, Mukher jee M,SharmaA. Study of 1266 consecutive birthes for major congenital defects Indian J Pediatr. 1989 ; 56(4):493-9##16. Sawardekar KP. Profile of major congenital malformations at Nizwahospital ,Oman: 10-year review.JPaediatr Child Health. 2005; 41(7): 323-30. ##17. Demirel S, kaplanoglu N, Acar A, Bodur S. Paydak F. The frequency of consanguinity in konya, Turkey, andits medical effects. Genetic Counsel.1997; 8(4): 295-301.##18. Jabber L, Halpern GJ, Shohat M. The impact of consanguinity worldwide. Community Genetics.1998; 1(1): 12-7.##19. Stoll C, Alembik Y, Roth MP, Dott B. Parental consanguinity as a cause for increased incidence of births defects in a study of 239, 942 consecutive births. Consanguinity Birth Defects.1999; 42(3): 133-9.## ##

Effect of educational intervention on practice improvement of employees in healthcare centers and meat distribution centers of Ilam province about Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever 2 2 Introduction: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a Zoonosis disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of educational intervention on practice improvement of employees in healthcare centers and meat distribution centers of Ilam province in relation to Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever. Materials and methods: Participants in present quasi-experimental study were 200 employees of healthcare centers and 75 workers of meat distribution centers that were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected at baseline and 6-weeks after intervention using two 38-item and 50-item questionnaires. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software. P<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: Before the educational intervention, 20.6% of the healthcare centers employees had poor knowledge, 61.8% and 17.6% had average and good knowledge, respectively. After educational intervention, these percentages were 2%, 22.1% and 76% in that order. The workers’ knowledge level in centers of meat processing-distribution before training was 64% poor, 34.7% average, and 1.3% good but after education, the knowledge levels reached to 5.3%, 45.3% and 49.3% respectively (P<0.05). Moreover, Attitude of employees in healthcare centers and meat distribution centers significantly increased after intervention (P<0.05). But, there were not significant changes in performance of two groups before and after educational intervention Conclusion: The results of present study showed the effect of educational intervention on improvement the knowledge, attitude of employees in healthcare and meat distribution centers. So, implementation of an educational program for employees at a wider scale could promote their health. 46 52 2015/06/282015/09/162015/04/222014/11/282015/07/162015/04/82015/06/27 1394/4/6 2015/08/262015/11/162015/12/22015/08/292015/09/172015/06/282015/09/6 1394/6/15 Fariba Mokhtari Fariba Mokhtari Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran entomologistf@yahoo.com Narges Sharifinia Narges Sharifinia Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran narges.sharifinia@gmail.com Zahra Mokhtari Zahra Mokhtari Department of Clinical Pathobiology, Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Iran zahra.Mokhtari@gmail.com Mostafa Qorbani Mostafa Qorbani Departments of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran Iran zar.shafieyan@yahool.com Hadad Shafieyan Hadad Shafieyan Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinarian, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran Iran babakrm@gmail.com Babak R astgari Mehr Babak R astgari Mehr Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran Iran mansourian55@yahoo.com Amin Mirzai Amin Mirzai Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran mansourian55@gmail.com Zahra Shafieyan Zahra Shafieyan Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran mansourian55@gmail.com Morteza Mansourian Morteza Mansourian Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran mansourian55@gmail.com CCHF Behavior Health care employees Intervention 1. Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Moradi M, Goya MM, Shirzadi MR, Zeinali M, et al. Geographical distribution and surveillance of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2010; 10(7): 705-8.##2. Chinikar S, Persson S M, Johansson M, Bladh L, Goya M, Houshmand B, et al. Genetic analysis of crimean‐congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Iran. J Med Virol. 2004; 73: 404-11.##3. World Health Organization (WHO). Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever. Fact Sheet. No 208. 2001; 25-6. ##4. Chin J. Control of communicable diseases manual. 18th edition. Washington DC: American Public Health Association; 2004; 24-7.##5. Zavitsanou A, Babatsikou F, Koutis C. Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever: an emerging tick– borne disease. Health Sci J. 2009; 3(1): 10-8.##6. Chinikar S, Goya MM, Shirzadi MR, Ghiasi SM, Mirahmadi R, Haeri A, et al. Surveillance and laboratory detection system of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Iran. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2008; 55(1): 200-4.##7. Emadi K, Reza Y, Haji Abdul Baqi M, Soodbakh H. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the world and in Iran. J Tehran Uni Med Sci. 2003;5 (2): 343-58.##8. Majidzadeh K, Soleimaini M, Ghelianchi Langroodi A. A review of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever laboratory diagnosis methods. Scientific-Research J Army Uni Med Sci. 2011; 9(4): 275-84.##9. Parola P, Raoult D. Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. Clin Infec Dis. 2001; 32(3): 897- 906.##10. Mostafavi E, Haghdoost A, Khakifirouz S, Chinikar S. Spatial analysis of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013; 89(6):1135-41.##11. Knust B, Medetov ZB, Kyraubayev KB, Bumburidi Y, Erickson BR, MacNeil A, et al. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Kazakhstan, 2009-2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012; 18(4): 643-5.##12. Butterfield PG. Upstream reflections on environmental health: an abbreviated history and framework Sargianou M1, Papa A. Epidemiological and behavioral factors associated with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infections in humans. Expert Review Anti Infect Treat. 2013; 11(9): 897-908. ##13. Gungormus Z, Kiyak E. Evaluation of knowledge about protection against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011; 42(3):737-43.##14. Ozer A, Miraloglu M, Cetin Ekerbicer H, Cevik F, Aloglu N. Knowledge levels about Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among midwifery and nursing students in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2010; 41(1): 77-84.##15. Arikan I1, Kasifoglu N, Metintas S, Kalyoncu C. Knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding tick bites in the Turkish population in a rural area of the Middle Anatolian Region. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2010;42(4):669-75. ##16. Sheikh NS, Sheikh AS, Sheikh AA. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever among healthcare workers in Balochistan. J Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2004; 16(3): 39-42.##17. Vançelik S, Avşar U, Aktürk Z. [Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of people living in rural areas of Erzurum about Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2012; 36(3):156-9. [Turkish]##18. Yilmaz R, Ozcetin M, Erkorkmaz U, Ozer S, Ekici F. Public knowledge and attitude toward Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Tokat Turkey. Iran J Arthropod-Borne Disease. 2009; 3(2): 12-17.##19. Cilingiroglu N, Temel F, Altintas H. Public’s Knowledge, Opinions and Behaviors about Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: An Example from Turkey. Kafkas University Veterinarian Fakulty Dergisi. 2010; 16 (Suppl-A): 17-22.##20. Taghdisi M, Sasooli H, Ramezani A. A study of level the nurse’s knowledge of the CCHF disease in the Sistan. Zahedan Journal of Research Medical Sciences. 2012; 13(1): 65.##21. Kartal M, Aydin B, Tulek N, Acicbe O, Tanyel E, Fisgin N. The Knowledge and Attitudes of people at High Risk for crimean-congo Hemorrhagic fever: A cross-sectional survey from an Endemic Region in Turkey. Turkish Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2009; 3(2):12-7.##22. Izadi S, Naieni KH, Madjdzadeh SR, Nadim A. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran, a case-control study on epidemiological characteristics. Int J Infect Dis. 2004; 8(5):299-306.##23. Williams RJ, Al-Busaidy S, Mehta FR, Maupin GO, Wagoner KD, Al-Awaidy S, et al. Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever: a seroepidemiological and tick survey in the Sultanate of Oman. Trop Med Int Health. 2000;5(2):99-106. ## ##

A survey of patients with mental retardation of unknown origin 2 2 Introduction: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is one of the most prevalent genetic causes of developmental disability, representing the most frequent form of inherited severe cognitive deficit. The present study was undertaken to investigate FXS and its prevalence in moderate mentally retarded people in patients. Materials and methods: Nineteen people with moderate mental retardation (MR) who were clinically suspicious to have FXS were screened for FXS by using cytogenetic and molecular methods. Blood samples were collected and cultured in specific culture media. G-Banding method was used for karyotyping. To ensure correct results of cytogenetic testing, four suspected case of FXS were tested by PCR. Results were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: Four patients (4%) were found to express fragile X site at q27.3. The results showed that the relationship of FXS with familial, economic status was not significant, but the relationship of FXS with MR and family history was significant. Conclusion: The frequency of FXS positive cases found in this study is similar to other reports of FXS in preselected patients. 53 57 2015/06/282015/09/162015/04/222014/11/282015/07/162015/04/82015/06/272015/07/6 1394/4/15 2015/08/262015/11/162015/12/22015/08/292015/09/172015/06/282015/09/62015/10/22 1394/7/30 Afshin Yarmohammadi Afshin Yarmohammadi Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Iran peymanhadi@yahoo.com Fatemeh Keshavarzi Fatemeh Keshavarzi Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Iran gol.keshavarzi@gmail.com Mokhtar Farhadian Mokhtar Farhadian Department of Psychology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran Iran gol.keshavarzi@gmail.com MR FXS FMR1 Cytogenetic 1. Gustavson KH, Blomquist HK, Holmgren G. Prevalence of the fragile-X syndrome in mentally retarded boys in a Swedish county. Am J Med Genet.1986; 23(1-2):581-7.##2. Webb TP, Bundey SE, Thake AI, Todd J. Population incidence and segregation ratios in the Martin-Bell syndrome. Am J Med Genet.1986; 23(1-2):573-80.##3. Neri S, Sanfilippo L, Pavone F, Mollica I, Barberi L, Giuffr C, et al. The fragile X in Sicily: An epidemiological survey. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1988; 30(1-2):665-72.##4. Rousseau F, Heitz D, Biancalana V, Blumenfeld S, Kretz C, Boue J, et al. Direct diagnosis by DNA analysis of the FXS of mental retardation. N Engl J Med. 1991; 325(24):1673–81.##5. Oberle I, Rousseau F, Heitz D, Kretz C, Devys D, Hanauer A, et al. Instability of a 550-base pair DNA segment and abnormal methylation in fragile X syndrome. Science. 1991; 252(5010):1097- 100.##6. Pouya A, Abedini S, Mansoorian N, Behjati F, Nikzat N, Mohseni M, et al. FXS screening of families with consanguineous and non-consanguineous parents in the Iranian population. Eur J Med Genet. 2009; 52(4): 170–3.##7. Hagerman RJ, Amiri K, Cronister A. Fragile X checklist. Am J Med Genet 1991;38(4):283-7.##8. Sutherland GR. Fragile sites on human chromosomes: Demonstration of their dependence on the type of tissue culture medium. Science. 1977; 197(4300):265-6.##9. Yu S, Pritchard M, Kremer E, Lynch M, Nancarrow J, Baker E , et al. Fragile X genotype characterized by an unstable region of DNA. Science.1991; 252(5009): 1179-81.##10. Ashley CT, Sutcliffe JS, Kunst CB, Leiner HA, Eichler EE, Nelson DL, et al. Human and murine FMR-1: alternative splicing and translational initiation downstream of the CGG-repeat. Nature Genet. (1993); 4(3): 244–51.##11. Eichler EE, Richards S, Gibbs RA and Nelson DL. Fine structure of the human FMR1 gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1993; 2(8):1147–53. ##12. Fu YH, Kuhl DP, Pizzuti A, Pieretti M, Sutcliffe JS, Richards S, et al. Variation of the CGG repeat at the fragile X site results in genetic instability: resolution of the Sherman paradox. Cell J. 1991; 67(12):1047–58.##13. Eichler EE, Holden JJ, Popovich BW, Reiss AL, Snow K, Thibodeau SN, et al. Length of uninterrupted CGG repeats determines instability in the FMR1 gene. Nature Genet. 1994; 8(1), 88–94.##14. Kunst CB, Warren ST. Cryptic and polar variation of the fragile X repeat could result in predisposing normal alleles. Cell. 1994; 77(6), 853–61.##15. Snow K, Doud LK, Hagerman R, Pergolizzi RG, Erster SH, Thibodeau SN. Analysis of a CGG sequence at the FMR-1 locus in fragile X families and in the general population. Am J Hum Genet. 1993; 53(6):1217–28.##16. Snow K, Tester DJ, Kruckeberg KE, Schaid DJ, Thibodeau SN. Sequence analysis of the fragile X trinucleotide repeat: implications for the origin of the fragile X mutation. Hum Mol Genet. 1994; 3(9): 1543–51.##17. Coffee B, Keith K, Albizua I, Malone T, Mowrey J, Sherman SL, et al. Incidence of fragile X syndrome by newborn screening for methylated FMR1 DNA. Am J Hum Genet. 2009;85(4):503-14.##18. Feng Y, Lakkis L, Devys D, Warren ST. Quantitative comparison of FMR1 gene expression in normal and premutation alleles. Am J Hum Genet. 1995; 56(1):106-13.##19. Lozano R, Rosero CA, Hagerman RJ. Fragile X spectrum disorders. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2014;3(4):134-46.##20. Froster-Iskenius U, Felsch G, Schirren C, Schwinger E. Screening for fra (X) (q) in a population of mentally Retarted males. Hum Genet. 1983; 63(2): 153-7.##21. Demirhan O, Taştemir D, Somer DR, Firat S, Avcı A. A Cytogenetic study in 120 Turkish children with intellectual disability and characteristics of FXS. Yonsei Med J. 2003; 44: 583 -592.##22. Jenkins EC, Wen GY, Kim KS, Zhong N, Sapienza VJ, Hong H, et al. Prenatal fragile X detection using cytoplasmic and nuclear-specific monoclonal antibodies. Am J Med Genet. 1999;83(22):342-6.##23. Bilgen T, Keser I, Mihci E, Haspolat S, Tacoy S, Luleci G. Molecular analysis of FXS in Antalya Province. Ind J Med Sci. 2005;59(4):150-5.##24. Butler MG, Hamil T. Blood specimens from patients referred for cytogenetic analysis: Vanderbilt University experience from 1985 to 1992. South Med J. 1995;88(3):309-14.##25. Carpenter NJ, Leichtman LG, Say B. Fragile X-linked MR. A survey of 65 patients with MR of unknown origin. Am J Dis Child. 1982; 136(5): 392-8.## ##