Antipyretic and haematomodulatory activities of ethanolic extract from Salacia nitida root bark in Plasmodium berghei-malaria infected mice 2 2 Introduction: In southern part of Nigeria, root bark of Salacia nitida is use traditionally in the treatment of malaria. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the antipyretic and haematomodulatory activities of ethanolic extract from Salacia nitida root bark in Plasmodium berghei-malaria infected mice. Materials and methods: Fresh roots of S. nitida were collected in February, 2016. Thirty P. berghei-infected mice, divided into five groups containing six mice each were used for the study against another six uninfected control mice. 280, 430 and 580 mg/kg of extract were given to infected mice in groups B, C and D, 4mg/kg of artesunate given to group E mice, while group A and F mice were given 4ml/kg of physiological saline daily for five days. Body temperatures and levels of haematological parameters were evaluated. Results: Results obtained showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet counts, and decrease in absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. Body temperatures of experimental mice also decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, this study suggests that ethanolic extract from S. nitida root bark is effective in treatment of malaria. 1 11 2018/12/12 1397/9/21 2019/01/11 1397/10/21 Barine Innocent Nwiloh Barine Innocent Nwiloh Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria Nigeria bin4him@yahoo.com Augustine Amadikwa Uwakwe Augustine Amadikwa Uwakwe Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria Nigeria Joyce Oronne Akaninwor Joyce Oronne Akaninwor Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria Nigeria Antipyretic Haematological parameters Mice Plasmodium berghei Salacia nitida Snow, RW, Guerra, CA, Noor, AM, Myint, HY, Hay, SI. The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nature. 2005; 434(7030):214-7.##World Health Organization, WHO. Malaria control today. 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The effect of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in adult male mice 2 2 Introduction: The role of medicinal plants in enhancement of memory and improvement of Alzheimer disease symptoms has attracted researchers’ attention. Genus Salvia (sage) is the largest and most valuable type of herbal medicine from Lamiaceae family, and its therapeutic effects have long been considered. This study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) leaves on scopolamine-induced amnesia in adult male mice. Materials and methods: A step-through inhibitory avoidance task was used for memory assessment. Animals received hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) 30 minutes after administration of scopolamine (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) after training and before testing, (based on experimental design). Animals were tested 24 h after the training session, and step-through latency in entering the dark compartment was recorded as passive avoidance memory. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test. Statistical significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: The results indicated that administration of scopolamine impaired both consolidation and retrieval of passive avoidance memory. Administration of 40 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia after training, or 20 and 40 mg/kg on the day of experiment ameliorated the effect of scopolamine. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia can inhibit scopolamine-induced impairment of passive avoidance memory in mice. 12 20 2018/12/122018/07/10 1397/4/19 2019/01/112019/01/6 1397/10/16 Gelavij Mahmoodi Gelavij Mahmoodi Department of Biology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran Iran g.mahmoudi@iauksh.ac.ir Sabrieh Amini Sabrieh Amini Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran. Iran amini.biology@gmail.com Salvia officinalis Scopolamine Mice Memory impairment Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Leurgans SE, Bennett DA. The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol. 2009; 66(2):200-8. doi: 10.1002/ana.21706.##Rogers J, Bloom FE. Neurotransmitter metabolism and function in the aging central nervous system. Hand book of the biology of aging. 2nd ed. New York: Van Nosupand Reidhold. 1985; P. 113-47.##Blokland A. Acetylcholine: a neurotransmitter for learning and memory? Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1995; 21(3):285-300.##Bartus RT. On neurodegenerative diseases, models, and treatment strategies: lessons learned and lessons forgotten a generation following the cholinergic hypothesis. Exp Neurol. 2000; 163(2): 495-529. doi: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7397.##Gallagher M, Colombo PJ. Ageing: the cholinergic hypothesis of cognitive decline. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1995; 5(2): 161-8.##Wightman EL. Potential benefits of phytochemicals against Alzheimer's disease. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017; 76(2): 106-12. doi: 10.1017/S0029665116002962.##Howes MJ, Perry E. The role of phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of dementia. Drugs Aging. 2011; 28(6): 439-68. doi: 10.2165/11591310-000000000-00000. ##Imanshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. The pharmacological effects of Salvia species on the central nervous system. Phytother Res. 2006; 20(6): 427-37. dio:10.1002/ptr.1898.##Lopresti AL. Salvia (sage): a review of its potential cognitive-enhancing and protective effects. Drugs R D. 2017; 17(1): 53-64. doi: 10.1007/s40268-016-0157-5.##Wan JM, Sit WH, Lee CL, Fu KH, Chan DK. Protection of lethal toxicity of endotoxin by Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE is via reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha release and liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006; 6(5): 750-8.doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.11.008.##Süntar I, Akkol EK, Keleş H, Oktem A, Başer KH, et al. A novel wound healing ointment: a formulation of Hypericum perforatum oil and sage and oregano essential oils based on traditional Turkish knowledge. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 134(1): 89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.061. ##Saeland E, Belo AI, Mongera S, van Die I, Meijer GA, van Kooyk Y. Differential glycosylation of MUC1 and CEACAM5 between normal mucosa and tumour tissue of colon cancer patients. Int J Cancer. 2012; 131(1):117-28. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26354.##Gold P, Krupey J, Ansari H. Position of the carcinoembryonic antigen of the human digestive system in ultrastructure of tumor cell surface. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1970; 45(2): 219-25.##Eidi M, Eidi A, Bahar M. Effects of Salvia officinalis L.(sage) leaves on memory retention and its interaction with the cholinergic system in rats. Nutrition. 2006; 22(3): 321-6. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2005.06.010.##Janicsák G, Zupkó I, Nikolovac MT, Forgó P, Vasas A, Máthé I, et al. Bioactivity-guided study of antiproliferative activities of Salvia extracts. Nat Prod Commun. 2011; 6(5): 575-9.## Kennedy DO, Dodd FL, Robertson BC, Okello EJ, Reay JL, Scholey AB, et al. Monoterpenoid extract of sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) with cholinesterase inhibiting properties improves cognitive performance and mood in healthy adults. J Psychopharmacol. 2011; 25(8): 1088–100. doi: 10.1177/0269881110385594.##Kennedy DO, Pace S, Haskell C, Okello EJ, Milne A, Scholey AB. Effects of cholinesterase inhibiting sage (Salvia officinalis) on mood, anxiety and performance on a psychological stressor battery. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006; 31(4): 845-52.##Lu Y, Foo LY. Antioxidant activities of polyphenols from sage (Salvia officinalis). Food Chem. 2001; 75(2): 197-202. doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00198-4.##Šulniūtė V, Ragažinskienė O, Venskutonis PR. Comprehensive evaluation of antioxidant potential of 10 salvia species using high pressure methods for the isolation of lipophilic and hydrophilic plant fractions. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2016; 71(1): 64–71. doi: 10.1007/s11130-015-0526-1.##Castellano C, Cestari V, Ciamei A. NMDA receptors and learning and memory processes. Curr Drug Targets. 2001; 2(3): 273-83.##McGaugh JL. Memory--a century of consolidation. Science. 2000; 287: 248-51.##Shirzadi Behfar M, Shahidi S, Hosseini SE. [Effects of Salvia leriifolia ethanolic leaf extract on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in passive avoidance test in male rats]. Med. Sci. 2015; 25 (3) :183-189 (Article in Persian)##Tabrizian K, Yaghoobi NS, Iranshahi M, Shahraki J, Rezaee R, Hashemzaei M. 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Effect of eight weeks circuit resistance training with Zataria multiflora supplementation on plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin in postmenopausal women 2 2 Introduction: Aging and low physical activity results in a decrease in Adiponectin and an increase in leptin, which can cause cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks circuit-resistance training (CRT) with Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) supplementation on plasma leptin and adiponectin in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods: 48 untrained postmenopausal women took part in this study. The participants were randomly divided in 4 groups with 12 persons in each: resistance training (RTG), Z. multiflora (ZG), control (CG) and Z. multiflora- resistance training (ZRTG). Resistance training program contained 12 stations (each station 30 second with 35 percent of one maximum repetition) and continued for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week). Participants in the ZG and ZRTG consumed 500 mg of Z. multiflora supplementation daily before breakfast. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before first session and 48 hours after last session to measure plasma levels of leptin and Adiponectin. Results: Significant difference between ZRTG and CG in plasma Adiponectin was observed (P˂0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups in leptin (P˃0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that CRT can cause a decrease in leptin and an increase in Adiponectin. Also, when Z. multiflora intervention included in the training program, this effects increased. 21 30 2018/12/122018/07/102018/12/27 1397/10/6 2019/01/112019/01/62019/03/15 1397/12/24 Ayoub Saeidi Ayoub Saeidi Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran Iran gharahcholo@yahoo.com Hassane Zouhal Hassane Zouhal University of Rennes, M2S (Movement Sports Science Laboratory), Rennes, France France souri348@yahoo.com Akbar Nouri-Habashi Akbar Nouri-Habashi Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Iran Mahnosh_sa@yahoo.com Souri Heydari Souri Heydari Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Payame Noor University, Iran Iran m83.ahmadi@gmail.com Mahnoosh Salarinahand Mahnoosh Salarinahand Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Hakim Ferdosi Pardis, Farhangian University, Iran Iran akbarnori52@gmail.com Mahtab Ahmadi Mahtab Ahmadi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Karaj Payam Noor University, Karaj, Iran Iran Fatemeh Malekian Fatemeh Malekian Professor and Director, Southern University Agricultural Land Grant Campus, Baton Rouge Louisiana, USA USA Circuit-resistance training Zataria multiflora supplementation Adiponectin Leptin Postmenopausal women Cho GJ, Lee JH, Park HT, Shin JH, Hong SC, Kim T, et al. Postmenopausal status according to years since menopause as an independent risk factor for the metabolic syndrome. Menopause. 2008;15(3):524-9. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181559860.##Khanam MA, Qiu C, Lindeboom W, Streatfield PK, Kabir ZN, Wahlin Å. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence, associated factors, and impact on survival among older persons in rural Bangladesh. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20259. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020259.##Eshtiaghi R, Esteghamati A, Nakhjavani M. Menopause is an independent predictor of metabolic syndrome in Iranian women. Maturitas. 2010;65(3):262-6. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.11.004.##Stefanska A, Sypniewska G, Ponikowska I, Cwiklinska-Jurkowska M. Association of follicle-stimulating hormone and sex hormone binding globulin with the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Clin Biochem. 2012;45(9):703-6. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.03.011.##Stachowiak G, Pertyński T, Pertyńska-Marczewska M. Metabolic disorders in menopause. 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Effects of Zataria Multi-Flora, Shirazi thyme, on the Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2013;2(4):57-63.##Iravani M. Clinical effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil on primary dysmenorrhea. J Med Plants. 2009;2(30):54-60. doi:10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80120-8##Ocaña A, Reglero G. Effects of thyme extract oils (from Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis, and Thymus hyemalis) on cytokine production and gene expression of oxLDL-stimulated THP-1-macrophages. J Obes. 2012;2012:104706. doi: 10.1155/2012/104706.##Brzycki M. Strength testing—predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue. J Phys Educ Recre Dance. 1993;64(1):88-90. doi:10.1080/07303084.1993.10606684##Fleck SJ, Kraemer W. Designing Resistance Training Programs, 4E: Human Kinetics; 2014.##Ghanbari–Niaki A, Saeidi A, Aliakbari-Beydokhti M, Ardeshiri S, Kolahdouzi S, Chaichi MJ, et al. Effects of circuit resistance training with crocus sativus (saffron) supplementation on plasma viscosity and fibrinogen. Ann Appl Sport Sci. 2015;3(2):1-10. doi: 10.18869/acadpub.aassjournal.3.2.1##Tayebi S M, Hasannezhad P, Saeidi A, Fadaei M R. Intense Circuit Resistance Training along with Zataria multiflora Supplementation Reduced Plasma Retinol Binding Protein-4 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Postmenopausal Females, Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod. 2018 ; 13(2):e38578. doi: 10.17795/jjnpp.38578.##Ghanbari-Niaki A, Saeidi A, Ahmadian M, Gharahcholo L, Naghavi N, Fazelzadeh M, et al. The combination of exercise training and Zataria multiflora supplementation increase serum irisin levels in postmenopausal women. Integr Med Res. 2018;7(1):44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.01.007.##Tayebi SM, Saeidi A, Fashi M, Pouya S, Khosravi A, Shirvani H, et al. Plasma retinol-binding protein-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α are reduced in postmenopausal women after combination of different intensities of circuit resistance training and Zataria supplementation. 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The patterns of weight gain, body mass index and appetite changes in children therapeutically managed for functional constipation 2 2 Introduction: Constipation is one of the most common gastroenterological disorders worldwide, especially in developing countries. The knowledge toward the influences of constipation on weight-gain and normal growth is inadequate among families and pediatricians. In present study, we aimed to assess weigh-gain pattern in children with constipation during six months of routine therapy. Materials and methods: In this analytical study, our population constituted all the children with age of 1-15 years old admitted to the Gastroenterology section of Children Hospital of Zahedan city during 2015-2017. The constipation diagnosis was based on less than three defecations per week persisting for at least one month. Demographic and growth parameters including height, weight, and BMI, and appetite were recorded for each subject following three months of routine treatment. Results: The mean age of patients under study was 5.67 ± 3.03 years old, and the mean of height was 108.47 ± 19.18 cm. The mean weight and BMI of the children were significantly higher at three months following treatment compared to baseline, however, there was no significant change in neither weight nor BMI regarding individual genders. Appetite improvement was recorded in 60 (57.1%) and 77 (73.3%) of the children at one and three months after treatment, respectively. Conclusion: Therapeutic intervention in children with constipation can effectively improve weight-gain their pattern and appetite. 31 35 2018/12/122018/07/102018/12/272018/10/11 1397/7/19 2019/01/112019/01/62019/03/152019/01/17 1397/10/27 Manijeh Khalili Manijeh Khalili Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Iran dr_khalili2000@yahoo.com Gholamreza Kalvandi Gholamreza Kalvandi Ilam University of Medical Sciences Iran pezeshk1351@yahoo.com Iraj Shahramian Iraj Shahramian Zabol University of Medical Sciences Iran ir_buper@yahoo.com Ali Bazi Ali Bazi Zabol University of Medical Sciences Iran m.baziali@gmail.com Bita Farsian Bita Farsian Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Iran bita_far@yahoo.com Mahnaz Shahrakipour Mahnaz Shahrakipour Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Iran shahrakipoor@gmail.com Constipation Body mass index Appetite Children Stephens JR, Steiner MJ, Dejong N, Rodean J, Hall M, Richardson T, et al. Healthcare utilization and spending for constipation in children with versus without complex chronic conditions. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 64 (1): 31-6. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001210.##Lu PL, Velasco-Benitez CA, Saps M. Sex, age, and prevalence of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and constipation in Colombia: A Population-based Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 64 (6): E137-E41. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001391.##Koppen IJN, Velasco-Benitez CA, Benninga MA, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M. Is there an association between functional constipation and excessive bodyweight in children? J Pediatr. 2016;171:178-82.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.12.033.##Lopez J, Botran M, Garcia A, Gonzalez R, Solana MJ, Urbano J, et al. Constipation in the Critically III Child: Frequency and Related Factors. J Pediatr. 2015;167(4):857-861.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.06.046.##Mota DM, Barros AJD, Santos I, Matijasevich A. Characteristics of intestinal habits in children younger than 4 years: Detecting constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012; 55 (4): 451-6. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e318251482b.##Varni JW, Nurko S, Shulman RJ, Self MM, Saps M, Bendo CB, et al. Pediatric functional constipation gastrointestinal symptom profile compared with healthy controls. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015; 61 (4): 424-30. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000869.##Chao HC, Chen SY, Chen CC, Chang KW, Kong MS, Lai MW, et al. The impact of constipation on growth in children. Pediatr Res. 2008; 64 (3): 308-11. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31817995aa.##Youssef NN, Langseder AL, Verga BJ, Mones RL, Rosh JR. Chronic childhood constipation is associated with impaired quality of life: A case-controlled study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005; 41 (1): 56-60. doi: 10.1097/01.mpg.0000167500.34236.6a.##Scarpato E, Quitadamo P, Roman E, Jojkic-Pavkov D, Kolacek S, Papadopoulou A, et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children: a survey on clinical approach in the Mediterranean area. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017; 64 (6): E142-E6. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001550.##Kaugars AS, Silverman A, Kinservik M, Heinze S, Reinemann L, Sander M, et al. Families' perspectives on the effect of constipation and fecal incontinence on quality of life. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010; 51 (6): 747-52. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181de0651.##Joensson IM, Hagstroem S, Fynne L, Krogh K, Siggaard C, Djurhuus JC. Rectal motility in pediatric constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014; 58 (3): 292-6. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000203.##Torres MRF, De Melo MDB, Purcino FaC, Maia JC, Aliani NA, Rocha HC. Knowledge and practices of pediatricians regarding functional constipation in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015; 61 (1): 74-9. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000768.##Malowitz S, Green M, Karpinski A, Rosenberg A, Hyman PE. Age of onset of functional constipation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016; 62 (4): 600-2. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001011.##Kuizenga-Wessel S, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM. Reporting outcome measures of functional constipation in children from 0 to 4 years of age. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2015; 60 (4): 446-56. doi: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000631.##Kiefte-De Jong JC, De Vries JH, Escher JC, Jaddoe VWV, Hofman A, Raat H, et al. Role of dietary patterns, sedentary behaviour and overweight on the longitudinal development of childhood constipation: the Generation R study. Matern Child Nutr. 2013;9(4):511-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00395.x.## ##

Evaluation of general dentists’ knowledge about oral cancer in Ilam, Iran in 2016 2 2 Introduction: Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignant neoplasm and one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Dentists’ lack of knowledge about the signs and symptoms of oral cancer is an important for diagnosing the oral cancer accurately and at early stages. In this study, we examined the level of dentists’ awareness toward oral cancer in Ilam, Iran. Materials and methods: A total of 98 dentists (65 males and 33 females) with average age of 35.57±7.9 years were invited to take part in the study and respond to suitably designed questionnaires. Data were collected and a possible relationship between age and knowledge score was further analyzed. Results: The maximum awareness score that respondents could attain was 13. The mean score was 8.14 ± 1.8, which was higher than the national average level. The average scores for men and women were 7.58 ± 2.1 and 8.46 ± 1.5, respectively. But, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.1).There was no statistically significant relationship between age and knowledge score (P = 0.3, r = -0.11).In addition, knowledge score in different age groups were compared, and there was no significant difference (P = 0.5). Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that dentists’ awareness about oral cancer is higher than average in Ilam; however, the need for educational programs for increasing the level of knowledge about oral cancer is recommended. 36 40 2018/12/122018/07/102018/12/272018/10/112018/12/3 1397/9/12 2019/01/112019/01/62019/03/152019/01/172019/03/29 1398/1/9 Khadijeh Abdal Khadijeh Abdal Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran dr.faribaabdal@yahoo.com Keywan Mortezaee Keywan Mortezaee Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Iran fariba4479@yahoo.com Sara Haidari Sara Haidari Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran marzidarvish@yahoo.com Marzieh Darvishi Marzieh Darvishi Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran marzidarvish@yahoo.com Oral cancer Knowledge Dentist Yuan WW, Hang D, Wang LH, Chen SH, Ding ZX, Hu ZB, et al. [Association between genetic variants in microRNA biosynthesis genes and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2016;37(8):1069-73. (Article in Chinese) doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.08.003. ##Mousavi SM, Gouya MM, Ramazani R, Davanlou M, Hajsadeghi N, Seddighi Z. Cancer incidence and mortality in Iran. Ann Oncol. 2009 Mar;20(3):556-63. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdn642.##Marur S, Forastiere AA. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: update on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91(3):386-96. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.12.017.##Blancharda P, Khourya C, Temamb S, Casiraghia O,Mirghanib H, Lévy A, et al. [Oral cavity cancers among young people: Clinical results and prognostic analysis]. Cancer Radiother. 2016 Apr;20(2):91-7. (Article in French) doi: 10.1016/j.canrad.2015.09.013.##Khiavi MM, Abdal K, Abbasi MM, Hamishehkar H, Aghbali AA, Salehi R, et al. Comparison of injectable doxorubicin and its nanodrug complex chemotherapy for the treatment of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced oral squamous cell carcinoma in rats. Indian J Med Res. 2017;145(1):112-117. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_542_14.##Sina M, Abdal K, Ghertasi, Mohmadi M, Aghbali A. Investigate the association of mast cell concentration and microvascular density in tumoral tissues in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Res Dent Sci. 2016; 12 (4) :202-7. doi: 10.5114/wo.2017.65157.##Lauritano D, Lucchese A, Contaldo M, Serpico R, Lo Muzio L, Biolcati F, et al. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: diagnostic markers and prognostic indicators. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2016;30(2 Suppl 1):169-76.##Saghafi S, ZareMahmoodabadi R, Salehinejad J, Falaki F, Farrokhizad S. Evaluation of general dentists knowledge about oral cancer in Mashhad-Iran in 2008. J Mash Dent Sch. 2009;33(2):107–14.##Razavi SM , Zolfaghari B, Tahani B, Emami Doost M , Forohande M. Senior students' and Dentists’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral cancer examination in Isfahan, Iran in 2011. J Dent Med. .2013;27(1): 61-70. doi: 10.1007/s13187-013-0460-6.##Yellowitz JA, Horowitz AM, Drury TF, Goodman HS. Survey of us dentists'knowledge and opinions about oral pharyngeal cancer. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000;131(5):653-61.##Leão JC, Góes P, Sobrinho CB, Porter S. Knowledge and clinical expertise regarding oral cancer among Brazilian dentists. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34(4):436-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2004.10.004.##Motallebnejad M, Hedayati M. General dentist's knowledge about oral cancers in Babol, in 2005. J Mash Dent Facult. 2006;30(3 and 4): 309-18. ##Clovis JB, Horowitz AM, Poel DH. Oral and pharyngeal cancer: knowledge and opinions of dentists in British Columbia and Nova Scotia. J Can Dent Assoc. 2002;68(7):415-20.##Canto MT, Horowitz AM, Drury TF, Goodman HS. Maryland family physicians' knowledge, opinions and practices about oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2002;38(5):416-24.##Awan KH, Khang TW, Yee TK, Zain RB. Assessing oral cancer knowledge and awareness among Malaysian dental and medical students. J Can Res Ther. 2014;10(4):903-7. doi: 10.4103/0973-1482.138011.##Motallebnejad M, Hedayati M. General dentists knowledge about oral cancers in Babol, in 2005. J Mashhad Dent School. 2006;30(1): 309-318. ##Nicotera G, Gnisci F, Bianco A, Angelillo IF. Dental hygienists and oral cancer prevention: knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in Italy. Oral Oncol. 2004;40(6):638-44. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.01.003.## ##

The effect of oleuropein on working and passive avoidance memory in the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure animal model 2 2 Introduction: Epileptic seizures are product of abnormal electrical discharges of the brain. Electrical wave productive of epileptic seizure generates disturbances in brain data processing circuits and these patients suffer from memory impairment. In this study, the effect of different doses of oleuropein on the treatment of memory impairment Caused by frequent seizures was in male rats investigated. Materials and methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 (the negative control group received normal saline, the positive control group received diazepam 1 mg/kg and the two treatment groups received doses 10 and 20 mg/kg of oleuropein). Thirty minutes after administration of different doses of oleuropein or saline or diazepam, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) at a dose of 85 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneal into rats, and after creating seizure and animal survival, tests of memory were performed. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were the procedures used to analyze the results. Results: In both tests, the memory of the control group (normal saline recipient) decreased significantly (P<0.001). The administration of 10mg/kg oleuropein shows a significant increase in periodic behavior measurements by maze y (P<0.01). Both doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg increased passive avoidance memory (P<0.001). Conclusion This study shows that the oleuropein has an appropriate anticonvulsant effect and improves the working memory and passive avoidance in epileptic rat and Future studies appear to be necessary to understand further how the mechanism of its effect. 41 48 2018/12/122018/07/102018/12/272018/10/112018/12/32019/02/28 1397/12/9 2019/01/112019/01/62019/03/152019/01/172019/03/292019/05/3 1398/2/13 Parvin Sadat Hosseini Parvin Sadat Hosseini MSc student Department of Psychology, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran Iran Maryam Rafieirad Maryam Rafieirad Assistant Professor Department of Biology, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran Iran Rafieirad.m@gmail.com Somayeh Esmaeili Somayeh Esmaeili Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran Iran Oleuropein Memory Pentylenetetrazole Rat Mac TL, Tran DS, Quet F, Odermatt P, Preux PM, Tan CT. Epidemiology, aetiology, and clinical management of epilepsy in Asia: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2007; 6(6): 533-43. doi.org/10.1016/51474-4422(07)70127-8.##Kim EH, Ko TS. Cognitive impairment in childhood onset epilepsy: up-to-date information about its causes. Korean journal of pediatrics. 2016; 59 (4):155-64. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2016.59.4.155. ##Shehata GA, Bateh Ael A, Hamed SA, Rageh TA, Elsorogy YB. Neuropsychological effects of antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine versus valproate) in adult males with epilepsy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009; 5: 527-33. doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S5903.##Trinka E, Kwan P, Lee B, Dash A. Epilepsy in Asia: Disease burden, management barriers, and challenges. Epilepsia. 2019; 60 Suppl 1:7-21. doi: 10.1111/epi.14458.##Amigo I, Kowaltowski AJ. Dietary restriction in cerebral bioenergetics and redox state. Redox Biol. 2014; 2: 296-304. doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.021. ##Naseer MI, Shupeng L, Kim MO. Maternal epileptic seizure induced by pentylenetetrazol: apoptotic neurodegeneration and decreased GABAB1 receptor expression in prenatal rat brain. Mol Brain. 2009; 2: 20. doi.org/10.1186/1756-6606-2-20.##Nassiri-Asl M, Mortazavi SR, Samiee-Rad F, Zangivand AA, Safdari F, Saroukhani S, et al. The effects of rutin on the development of pentylenetetrazole kindling and memory retrieval in rats. Epilepsy Behav. 2010; 18 (1-2): 50-3. doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.03.005.##Stacey Lockyer PY, Spencer JPE and Rowland I. Olive leaf phenolics and cardiovascular riskreduction: Physiological effects andmechanisms of action. Nutrition and Aging. 2012; 1 (2): 125–40. doi: 10.3233/NUA-2012-0011.##Ozkaya F, Ozkaya M. Oleuropein using as an additive for feed and products used for humans. 2011. doi.org/10.4172/2157-7110.1000113.##Etemadi Kermani S, Rafieirad M. The The effect of intraperitoneal injection of ferulae angulata hydroalcoholic extract on pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy in male mice. 2018; 17 (1): 107-14. doi: 10.22118/JSMJ.2018.59644.##Rafieirad M, Valipour CS. [Gallic acid improves the memory and pain in diabetic rats]. Yafte 2013, 15(2): 33-41. (Article in Persian)##Borzou Z, Edalatmanesh MA. The evaluation of brain derived neurotrophic factor and working memory in valproic acid animal model of autism. Shefaye Khatam. 2015; 3 (4): 10-16. doi: 10.18869/acadpub.shefa.3.4.10.##Annegers JF, Grabow JD, Groover RV, Laws ER Jr, Elveback LR, Kurland LT. Seizures after head trauma: a population study. Neurology. 1980; 30 (7): 683-9. doi:10.1212/wnl.30.7.683. ##Rissman R, Mobley W. Implication for treatment: GABAA receptors in aging, Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem. 2011 May; 117(4): 613–622. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07237.x.##Diniz T, Cabral Silva J, Raquel S, Ribeiro F, Pacheco A, Mendes de Freitas R, et al. 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Investigating the effect of thermal shock factors and different cell treatments on bacterial transformation efficiency 2 2 Introduction: Molecular transformation of bacterial cells plays a central role in molecular DNA transfer. At present, transformation is carried out either by chemical methods or by electric shock (electroporation). This study tended to investigate the effect of thermal shock factors and different cell treatments on transformation efficiency in E.coli. Materials and methods: In this method, E.coli cells were treated by different concentrations of peptide CM11 (0.1, 1, 2, 3 and μg/ml) and lysozyme enzyme (40 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml) based on competence by calcium chloride (100 and 200 mM). They also underwent thermal and cold shocks at different temperature intervals. Then, pUC19 plasmid (2.7 kbp) was transferred as a model and separately to the competent bacteria. Results: The results showed that increasing the thermal shock in three temperature intervals (37, 42 and 47°C) with cold shock (0 and 5°C) led to an increase in the number of transformed colonies and it has a significant relationship with transformation (P<0.05). Increased CaCl2 concentration was a positive factor in the amount of transformation, but no significant relationship was found between increased lysozyme concentration and transformation (P>0.05). Increased CM11 peptide concentration showed a significant relationship with transformation (P<0.05). There was no significant relationship between three transformations (P>0.05), while there was a significant relationship between peptide CM11 concentration and lysozyme enzyme concentration in transformation simultaneously (P˂0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that increased thermal shock and stability of cold shock at minimum temperature (0°C), as well as increased CaCl2 concentration and increased peptide concentration to 1 μg/ml can increase the number of transformed colonies in E.coli. Finally, peptide concentration and enzyme concentration are introduced as a simple and convenient method for increasing the transformation efficiency. 49 56 2018/12/122018/07/102018/12/272018/10/112018/12/32019/02/282018/08/19 1397/5/28 2019/01/112019/01/62019/03/152019/01/172019/03/292019/05/32018/10/21 1397/7/29 Ciamak Ghazaei Ciamak Ghazaei Department of Microbiology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Iran ciamakghazaei@yahoo.com Transformation Escherichia coli Plasmid Lysozyme Enzyme Peptide CM11 Sambrook J, Russell DW. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 3rd Ed. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 2001.##Duc LH, Hong HA, Barbosa TM, Henriques AO, Cutting SM. Characterization of Bacillus probiotics available for human use. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004; 70(4):2161-71. doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2161-2171.##Gantasala NP, Papolu PK, Thakur P K, Kamaraju D, Sreevathsa R, Rao U. Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative gene expression studies by real-time PCR in eggplant (Solanum melongena L). BMC ResNotes. 2013; 6: 312. doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-312.##Dower WJ, Miller JF, Ragsdale CW. High efficiency transformation of E. coli by high voltage electroporation. Nucleic Acids Res.1988; 16(13): 6127-45. doi:10.1093/nar/16.13.6127.##Tsen SD, Fang SS, Chen MJ, Chien JY, Lee CC, Tsen DH. Natural plasmid transformation in Escherichia coli. J Biomed Sci. 1992; 9(3): 246-52. doi: 10.1159/000059425.##Brüssow H, Canchaya C, Hardt WD. Phages and the evolution of bacterial pathogens: from genomic rearrangements to lysogenic conversion. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev.2004; 68(3): 560-602. doi:10.1128/MMBR.68.3.560-602. ##Lee SY. High cell-density culture of Escherichia coli. Trends Biotechnol.1996; 14(3): 98-105. doi:10.1016/0167-7799(96)80930-9. ##Cornelis P. Expressing genes in different Escherichia coli compartments. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2000. 11(5): 450-4. doi.org/10.1016/S0958-1669(00)00131-2. ##Singh M, Yadav A, Ma X, Amoah E. E. Plasmid DNA transformation in Escherichia coli: Effect of heat shock temperature, duration, and cold incubation of CaCl2 treated cells. Int. J Biotech Biochem. 2010; 6(4): 561-8.##Song S, Zhang T, Qi W, Zhao W, Xu B, Liu J. Transformation of Escherichia coli with foreign DNA by electroporation. Chin J Biotechnol. 1993; 9(3):197-201.##Tu Z, He G, Li KX, Chen MJ, Chang J, Chen L. et al. An improved system for competent cell preparation and high efficiency plasmid transformation using different Escherichia coli strains. Electron J Biotech. 2005; 8(1): 114-20. doi: 10.2225/vol8-issue1-fulltext-8.##Tissot G, Canard H, Nadai M, Martone A, Botterman J, Dubald M. 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Adsorption of lindane as an organo-chlorine pesticide from aqueous solutions by mineral sand 2 2 Introduction: Pesticide including lindane has been extensively applied in agriculture as insecticide. It is considered as one of the most significant organic pollutants that have reasoned environmental pollution especially surface and ground waters. In the present study, mineral sand, as a media of slow sand filtration in water treatment, was used to remove lindane from aqueous solutions. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in batch mode. The influences of various parameters such as contact time, pH, lindane content and solution ion strength were investigated on the sorption process. The isotherm and kinetics of the sorption was also determined by the research. Results: The maximum removal efficiency of lindane by sand was achieved at the contact time and pH of 150 min and 4, respectively. The removal efficiency of lindane at abovementioned condition was (28.86% equal to 2.88 µg/g) in the concentration of 100 µg/L. The results of various isotherms and kinetics models analysis also showed that the adsorption process described well by the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetics models, respectively. Addition of the salt to lindane solution increased the removal efficiency to about 3.5 times. Conclusion: This study showed that the sorption is considered as one of the major parameters of mineral sand as main media in sand filtration of water treatment plant. 57 66 2018/12/122018/07/102018/12/272018/10/112018/12/32019/02/282018/08/192018/12/7 1397/9/16 2019/01/112019/01/62019/03/152019/01/172019/03/292019/05/32018/10/212019/04/8 1398/1/19 Kambiz Moradnejadi Kambiz Moradnejadi Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Islamic Azad University, Science and Technology Branch, Tehran, Iran Iran kambiz.1358@yahoo.com Ali Torabian Ali Torabian Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran ali.torabian@gmail.com Heshmatollah Nourmoradi Heshmatollah Nourmoradi Biotechnology and Medical Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Ilam_nourmoradi@yahoo.com Sayed Ahmad Mirbagheri Sayed Ahmad Mirbagheri Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran mirbagheris@gmail.com Adsorption Sand Lindane Aqueous solution Nourmoradi H, Avazpour M, Ghasemian N, Heidari M, Moradnejadi K, Khodarahmi F. 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