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Antibacterial effects of the aqueous extract of Lycopersicon esculentum mill native in South Khorasan of Iran against four species associated with gastrointestinal infections 2 2 Introduction: Raising antibiotic resistance has led the human community to more frequent application of herbal medicines. The tomato fruit, scientifically called Lycopersicon esculentum mill, is an important source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, all with beneficial effects on human health. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of tomato aqueous extract on four species of common bacteria associated with gastrointestinal infections. Materials and methods: After preparing the aqueous extract of native tomato, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (TCC116538), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) (ATCC700603), Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) (ATCC12022), and Proteus vulgaris (ATCC6380) species using micro dilution broth method based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Each of the experiments was repeated three times. The results were subdivided into normal and abnormal variables by one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for examining normal variables. Results: The results of this study showed that the most significant effect of the tomato extract is on S. aureus. The MIC of tomato extract for S. aureus was 31.25 mg/ml, while for Proteus vulgaris, K. pneumoniae, and S. flexneri was 62.5 mg/ml. The mean MIC of the extract was significantly different between the studied bacteria (P < 0.05). The LSD post hoc test showed that the MIC for S. aureus (0.0599 ± 0.001) was significantly higher than that of Shigella flexinari (S. flexneri) (0.351 ± 0.009) (P < 0.001), K. pneumoniae (0.469 ± 0.062) (P = 0.001), and Proteus vulgaris (0.492 ± 0.005) (P = 0.003). Moreover, the MIC for S. flexneri was significantly lower than that of K. pneumoniae (P = 0.002) and Proteus vulgaris (P = 0.001). The mean MIC values for K. pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris (P = 0.394) were not significantly different. Conclusion: The current study revealed a significant antibacterial effect of tomato extract against different bacterial species. Therefore, the extract can be used as an antiseptic agent in pharmaceutical and food industries. 1 6 2020/04/2 1399/1/14 2020/06/23 1399/4/3 Marzieh Shamshirgaran Marzieh Shamshirgaran Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Iran saheledarya15@gmail.com Asma Maleki Asma Maleki Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran Ma.asma2015@gmail.com Parvin Askari Parvin Askari Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Iran Parvin.askari.90@gmail.com Masoud Yousefi Masoud Yousefi Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Iran Masoud.yousefi@bums.ac.ir Hakimeh Malaki Moghadam Hakimeh Malaki Moghadam Clinical Research Development Unit, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Iran h.malaki20@gmail.com Hamed Aramjoo Hamed Aramjoo Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Iran hamedaramjoo76@gmail.com Majid Zare_Bidaki Majid Zare_Bidaki Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Iran zaremajid016@gmail.com Lycopersicon esculentum mill Antibacterial effect Micro dilution broth Ateş DA, Turgay Ö. Antimicrobial activities of various medicinal and commercial plant extracts. Turk J Biol. 2003 Sep 4;27(3):157-62. ##Akhani H, Djamali M, Ghorbanalizadeh A, Ramezani E. Plant biodiversity of Hyrcanian relict forests, N Iran: an overview of the flora, vegetation, palaeoecology and conservation. Pak J Bot. 2010;42(Special Issue): 231-58.##AbrishamChi P, Ijtehadi H, AdibiBidi F. Investigation of Phytochemical and Antibacterial Effects of Ribes Khorasanicum Sagha and Assadi Endemic species in northern Khorasan. J Med Plants. 2007;6(4):64.##Story EN, Kopec RE, Schwartz SJ, Harris GK. An update on the health effects of tomato lycopene. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2010; 1:189-210. doi: 10.1146/annurev.food.102308.124120.##Heber D, Lu QY. Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene. Exp Biol Med. 2002;227(10):920-3.##Sahlin E, Savage GP, Lister CE. Investigation of the antioxidant properties of tomatoes after processing. 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The effect of rope jump training on serum levels of lipocalin-2, anthropometric parameters, and aerobic power in obese adolescent boys 2 2 Introduction: Lipocalin-2 derived from adipose tissue is associated with insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and cardiovascular disease in obese people. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of rope jump exercise training on serum lipocalin-2 levels, anthropometric parameters, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in obese adolescent boys. Materials and methods: Twenty obese adolescent boys participated voluntarily in the study and were equally assigned to control and rope jump groups. Rope jump exercise protocol was practiced in 8 weeks, 3 days per week. Blood samples were taken before and after the program. The VO2max of each participant was estimated using Cooper's 12-minute run test. Serum lipocalin-2 levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Results: Within-group comparisons revealed that rope jump exercise training resulted in a significant reduction in weight (P = 0.005), BMI (P = 0.002), abdominal circumference (P = 0.001), body fat percentage (P = 0.001), and serum levels of lipocalin-2 (P = 0.002). In contrast, lean body mass (LBM) (P = 0.047) and VO2max (P = 0.007) increased significantly in the rope jump group. After the intervention, abdominal circumference (P = 0.001), body fat percentage (P = 0.001), weight (P = 0.001), and BMI (P = 0.001) were significantly lower in the rope jump group than in the control group. VO2max in the rope jump group was significantly higher than in the control group at the end of the exercise training protocol (P = 0.001). However, no significant differences were found between the groups concerning lipocalin-2 level (P = 0.105), waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.461), and LBM (P = 0.053) at the end of the protocol. Conclusion: While rope jump exercise training enhanced anthropometric parameters and aerobic power in obese adolescents, it failed to significantly alter the serum lipocalin-2 level, as an inflammatory marker. 7 18 2020/04/22019/12/16 1398/9/25 2020/06/232020/05/28 1399/3/8 Somayeh Nazari Somayeh Nazari Department of Sports Sciences, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran Iran Hossein TaheriChadorneshin Hossein TaheriChadorneshin Department of Sports Sciences, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran Iran h.taheri@ub.ac.ir Hamid Marefati Hamid Marefati Department of Sports Sciences, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran Iran Seyed‑Hosein Abtahi‑Eivary Seyed‑Hosein Abtahi‑Eivary Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Iran Rope jump training Lipocalin-2 Adolescents Obesity Wang YC, McPherson K, Marsh T, Gortmaker SL, Brown M. Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK. 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Effect of exercise, body mass index, and waist to hip ratio on female fertility 2 2 Introduction: Infertility is a common problem among many couples. Exercise and weight loss seem to be among the effective factors on fertility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise, body mass index (BMI), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) with female fertility. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the data collected from Shahedieh Cohort. In this research, 1445 women (717 infertile and 728 fertile) were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data on exercise, BMI, and WHR were compared between the infertile and fertile female groups. Independent t-test and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: A significant difference was found between the two study groups regarding BMI, WHR, and exercise levels (P <0.05). The results of regression test showed that pysical activity had a significant effect on fertility (P <0.01), but BMI and WHR had no significant effect on it (P = 0.38 and 0.35, respectively). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it seems that exercise, regardless of changes in BMI and WHR, can increase fertility. 19 25 2020/04/22019/12/162020/05/8 1399/2/19 2020/06/232020/05/282020/08/14 1399/5/24 Behzad Aria Behzad Aria Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Iran b.aria@yazd.ac.ir Amin Salegi-abarghui Amin Salegi-abarghui Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran abargouei@hlth.mui.ac.ir Mohammad Hasan Lotfi Mohammad Hasan Lotfi Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Diseases, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran mhlotfi56359@gmail.com Masoud Mirzaei Masoud Mirzaei Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran mmirzaei@ssu.ac.ir Exercise Body mass index Waist to hip ratio Fertility Women McLachlan R.I, Kretser D.M. Male infertility: the case for continued research. Med J Aust. 2001;174(3):116-7. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143180.##Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Electronic address: asrm@asrm.org. Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2020;113(3):533-5. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.025.##Hayden RP, Flannigan R, Schlegel PN. The Role of Lifestyle in Male Infertility: Diet, Physical Activity, and Body Habitus. Curr Urol Rep. 2018;19(7):56. doi:10.1007/s11934-018-0805-0.##Evenson KR, Hesketh KR. Studying the Complex Relationships Between Physical Activity and Infertility. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2016;10(4):232-4. doi:10.1177/1559827616641379.##Jungheim ES, Moley KH. Current knowledge of obesity’s effects in the pre and periconceptional periods and avenues for future research. 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Canberra, Australia: Women's Health Australia. 2012.##Brown WJ, Kabir E, Clark BK, Gomersall SR. Maintaining a healthy BMI: data from a 16-year study of young Australian women. Am J Prev Med. 2016;6:e165–e178. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.007.##Gomersall S, Dobson A, Brown W. Weight gain, overweight, and obesity: determinants and health outcomes from the Australian Longitudinal Study onWomen’s Health. Curr Obes Rep. 2014; 3:46–53. doi: 10.1007/s13679-013-0077-4.##Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC. Diet and lifestyle in the prevention of ovulatory disorder infertility. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110(5):1050-8. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000287293.25465.e1.##Eghtesad S, Mohammadi Z, Shayanrad A, et al. The PERSIAN Cohort: Providing the Evidence Needed for Healthcare Reform. Arch Iran Med. 2017;20(11):691-695. ##Poustchi H, Eghtesad S, Kamangar F, Etemadi A, Keshtkar AA, Hekmatdoost A, et al. Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (the PERSIAN Cohort Study): Rationale, Objectives, and Design. Am J Epidemiol. 2018;187:647-55. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx314.##Hakimi O, Cameron LC. Effect of exercise on ovulation: a systematic review. Sports Med 2017;47:1555-67. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0669-8.##Hajizadeh Maleki B, Tartibian B. High-intensity exercise training for improving reproductive function in infertile patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2017;39(7):545-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.03.097.##Mirghafourvand M, SehhatiF, Rahimi M. Health-promoting lifestyle and its demographic predictors in infertile couples referred to infertility clinic of tabriz Al-Zahra hospital, 2013. J Caring Sci. 2014;3(3): 175-84.. doi: 10.5681/jcs.2014.019.##Gudmundsdottir SL, Flanders WD, Augestad LB. Physical activity and fertility in women: the NorthTrondelag Health Study. Hum Reprod. 2009; 24: 3196-204. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dep337. ##Warren MP, Perlroth NE. The effects of intense exercise on the female reproductive system. J Endocrinol. 2001;170(1):3-11. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1700003.##Harrison CL, Lombard CB, Moran LJ, Teede HJ. Exercise therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17(2):171-183. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq045.##Froment P, Touraine P. Thiazolidinediones and Fertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PPAR Res. 2006;2006:73986. doi:10.1155/PPAR/2006/73986.##Rich-Edwards JW, Spiegelman D, Garland M, et al. Physical activity, body mass index, and ovulatory disorder infertility. Epidemiology. 2002;13(2):184-190. doi:10.1097/00001648-200203000-00013.##Rooney KL, Domar AD. The impact of lifestyle behaviors on infertility treatment outcome. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2014;26(3):181-185. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000069.##Dağ ZÖ, Dilbaz B. Impact of obesity on infertility in women. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2015;16(2):111-117. doi:10.5152/jtgga.2015.15232.##Khaskheli MN, Baloch S, Baloch AS. Infertility and weight reduction: influence and outcome. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2013;23(10):798-801.##Kort JD, Winget C, Kim SH, Lathi RB. A retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of meaningful weight loss on fertility outcomes in an overweight population with infertility. Fertil Steril. 2014;101(5):1400-1403. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.01.036.##Surekha T, Himabindu Y, Sriharibabu M, Pandey AK. Impact of physical activity on ovarian reserve markers in normal, overweight and obese reproductive age women. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;58(2):162-165.##Best D, Avenell A, Bhattacharya S. How effective are weight-loss interventions for improving fertility in women and men who are overweight or obese? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence. Hum Reprod Update. 2017;23(6):681-705. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmx027.## ##

Effects of resistance training with theraband on pain and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis 2 2 Introduction: Joint pain, especially pain in the knee joint, is one of the most important problems that people with osteoarthritis report.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training with theraband on pain and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Materials and methods: Twenty five patients with knee osteoarthritis with age range of 38 to 65 years’ old who had no history of any exercise during the past six months, and had no chronic conditions affecting on study outcomes were selected as study sample and randomly divided into two groups including experimental (n = 13) and control (n = 12) groups. The experimental group performed 8 weeks of resistance training, and the control group did not receive any intervention. SF-36 and Numeric pain rating scale were used to assess quality of life and pain, respectively. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS software and independent t-test analysis. The level of significance was considered to be equal or less than 0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that after using intervention in the experimental group pain had a significant decrease compared to the control group (p=0.012). Also, eight weeks of intervention indicated a significant difference in the quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis between the control and experimental groups as it was increased in the experimental group compared to the control group(p=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that resistance training with theraband can reduce pain and enhance quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. 26 35 2020/04/22019/12/162020/05/82020/04/7 1399/1/19 2020/06/232020/05/282020/08/142020/07/25 1399/5/4 Navid Kalani Navid Kalani Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Iran kalaninavid@yahoo.com Shahnaz Shahrbanian Shahnaz Shahrbanian Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Iran sh.shahrbanian@modares.ac.ir Zahra Riahi Zahra Riahi Department of Sport science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran Iran kalaninavid@yahoo.com Resistance Training Knee osteoarthritis Pain Quality of Life Theraband Mazloum V, Rabiei P, Rahnama N, Sabzehparvar E. The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Conventional Therapeutic Exercises and Pilates on Pain and Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Randomized Controlled Trial. J rehab. 2018; 31(2):343-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.10.008.##Johnson M, Martinson M. Efficacy of electrical nerve stimulation for chronic musculoskeletal pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain 2007; 130(1-2): 157-65. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.02.007.##Mazloum V, Khayambashi K, Rahnama N. Comparing the Effects of therapeutic exercise and hydrotherapy on pain severity and knee range of motion in patients with hemophilia: a randomized controlled trial. Armaghane-Danesh Yasuj Uni Med Scie J. 2013; 8(78):430-41. ##Lohmander LS, De Verdier MG, Rollof J, Nilsson PM, Engström G. Incidence of severe knee and hip osteoarthritis in relation to different measures of body mass: a population-based prospective cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68(4):490-6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.089748.##Fatemy E, Bakhtiyari AH, Alizadeh A and et all. The Effect of Swedish Massage on Knee Osteoarthritis. JAUMS. 2010; 8(3): 200-4. ##Fransen M, Crosbie J, Edmonds J. Physical therapy is effective for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Rheumatol. 2001; 28(1): 156-64. ##Lawrence RC, Felson DT, Helmick CG, Arnold LM, Choi H, Deyo RA, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the united states part II. Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 58(1):26-35. doi: 10.1002/art.23176.##Inje K, Hyun AK, Young-II S, Song YW, Jeong J, Hyun D, et al. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in elderly community residents in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2010; 25(2):293-8. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.2.293.##Losina E, Walensky RP, Reichmann WM, Holt HL, Gerlovin H, Solomon DH, et al. Impact of obesity and knee osteoarthritis on morbidity and mortality in older Americans. Ann Intern Med. 2011; 154(4):217-26. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-154-4-201102150-00001.##Nishimura A, Hasegawa M, Kato K, Yamada T, Uchida A, Sudo A. Risk factors for the incidence and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee among Japanese. Int Orthop. 2011; 35(6): 839-43. doi: 10.1007/s00264-010-1073-x.##Alison J, Gibson, Nora Shields. Effects of Aquatic Therapy and Land-Based Therapy versus Land-Based Therapy Alone on Range of Motion, Edema, and Function after Hip or Knee Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Physiother Can. 2015; 67(2);133–41; doi:10.3138/ptc.2014-01.##Nguyen UDT, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Niu J, Zhang B, Felson DT. Increasing revalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: Survey and cohort data. Ann Intern Med. 2011; 155(11):725-32. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00004.##Salaffi F, Carotti M, Stancati A, Grassi W. Health-related quality of life in older adults with symptomatic hip and knee osteoarthritis: a comparison with matched healthy controls. Aging Clin Exper Res. 2005; 17(4):255-63. doi: 10.1007/BF03324607.##Shamsipour dehkordi P, Abdoli B, Modaberi S. Effectiveness of physical activity on quality of life of elderly patients with osteoarthritis. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2012; 14 (5) :92-101.##Xie F, Lo NN, Pullenayegum EM, Tarride JE, O'Reilly DJ, Goeree R, et al. Evaluation of health outcomes in osteoarthritis patients after total knee replacement: a two-year follow-up. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010. 19; 8: 87. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-8-87.##Wehling M. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in chronic pain conditions with special emphasis on the elderly and patients with relevant comorbidities: management and mitigation of risks and adverse effects. 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Determining a suitable technical architecture for COVID-19 information exchange infrastructure: A case for Iran 2 2 Introduction: Improving the quality, safety and effectiveness of health care services is the most important advantages of using the Public Health Information Exchange (PHIE) infrastructure. This infrastructure has three centralized, decentralized, and hybrid architectures. This study sought to identify the most appropriate technical architecture for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Information Exchange (CoVIE) based expert panels. Materials and methods: In order to identify the desired CoVIE technical architecture, a qualitative approach was used and a number of meetings were held with experts in Health Information Technology and Management (HITM) and Health Informatics fields working at Iran, Tehran and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (IUMS, TUMS and SBUMS). Basic concepts, including the type of technical architecture and exchange context, were categorized and discussed in terms of themes, sub-themes, and codes. Finally, the results were evaluated using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: The universities of Iran and Tehran had chosen hybrid model in national context and Shahid Beheshti University selected regional centralized model as the optimal technical architecture for CoVIE.  Conclusion: Hybrid model with implementation at national context was selected for CoVIE in Iranian health system. Implementation of this architecture improves the effective management of information exchange in the context of CoVIE. 36 46 2020/04/22019/12/162020/05/82020/04/72020/03/8 1398/12/18 2020/06/232020/05/282020/08/142020/07/252020/06/24 1399/4/4 Mostafa Shanbehzadeh Mostafa Shanbehzadeh Department of Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran mostafa.shanbezadeh@gmail.com Gholam Basati Gholam Basati Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran basati-gh@medilam.ac.ir Hadi Kazemi-arpanahi Hadi Kazemi-arpanahi Department of Health Information Technology, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran Iran hadi.kazemi67@yahoo.com COVID-19 Public Health Information Exchange (PHIE) Technical architecture Hybrid model Centralized model Decentralized model Fontaine P, Ross SE, Zink T, Schilling LM. Systematic review of health information exchange in primary care practices. 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Does health information exchange reduce unnecessary neuroimaging and improve quality of headache care in the emergency department? J Gen Intern Med. 2013;28(2):176-83. doi: 10.1007/s11606-012-2092-7.##Kern LM, Barrón Y, Dhopeshwarkar RV, Kaushal R. Health information exchange and ambulatory quality of care. Appl Clin Inform. 2012;3(02):197-209. doi: 10.4338/ACI-2012-02-RA-0005.##Masys DR. Effects of current and future information technologies on the health care workforce. Health Aff (Millwood). 2002;21(5):33-41. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.21.5.33.##Walker J, Pan E, Johnston D, Adler-Milstein J. The value of health care information exchange and interoperability. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005;24:W5. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.w5.10.##Rudin RS, Simon SR, Volk LA, Tripathi M, Bates D. Understanding the decisions and values of stakeholders in health information exchanges: experiences from Massachusetts. 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Clinical Features and Treatment of COVID‐19 Patients in Northeast Chongqing. J Med Virol. 2020;92(7):797-806. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25783.##Wang L, Duan Y, Zhang W, Liang J, Xu J, Zhang Y, et al. Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 26 Cases of COVID-19 Arising from Patient-to-Patient Transmission in Liaocheng, China. Clin Epidemiol. 2020; 12: 387-91. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S249903.##The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020[J]. China CDC Weekly 2020;2(8): 113-22. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2020.032.##de Lusignan S, Bernal JL, Zambon M, Akinyemi O, Amirthalingam G, Andrews N, et al. Emergence of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol for extending surveillance used by the Royal College of general practitioners research and surveillance centre and public health England. 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The role of von Willebrand factor alterations in thyroid disorders 2 2 Thyroid hormones are mediators of various metabolic processes including haemostasis. Von Willebrand is a multimeric glycoprotein with a major role in blood coagulation, participating in platelet adhesion to subendothelial collagen. It is also a carrier protein and stabilizer of circulating factor VIII and a marker of endothelial activation. This review aims to summarize the available data with regards to changes of von Willebrand factor in thyroid disorders, possible pathophysiological mechanisms, and their significance in clinical practice. PUBMED database was used for literature search in the English language over the last 20 years. Von Willebrand factor and coagulation factor VIII seem to have a key role in the pathogenesis of bleeding and thrombosis in thyroid disorders. Clinical hypothyroidism is associated with acquired von Willebrand syndrome due to the reduction of von Willebrand factor synthesis and release into the circulation. The implication of the von Willebrand factor in the prothrombotic environment induced by subclinical hypothyroidism is not clear. Hyperthyroidism increases the thromboembolic risk by increasing the levels of procoagulant agents including the von Willebrand factor. However, the available studies are highly heterogeneous in design and most of them investigate the laboratory changes of von Willebrand factor in patients with thyroid disease without any clinical implication. Patients with haemostatic disorders should be screened for underlying thyroid disease. Von Willebrand factor changes are corrected by restoring thyroid function. 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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a novel and valuable marker for assessing disease severity in Ulcerative colitis, Multiple sclerosis, and Kawasaki disease: A review 2 2 Ulcerative colitis (UC), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Kawasaki disease (KD) are three autoimmune diseases that involve the colon mucosa, myelin of the central nervous system neurons, and vascular epithelium. All these diseases need invasive, expensive, and complex modalities or criteria in order to monitor the disease severity. Recently, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a valuable, cheap, and easy marker of systemic inflammation. As all the above-mentioned diseases involve neutrophils and lymphocytes as the two major cell lines, it may be applicable to assess their severity according to the NLR. Here, we review the available literature with this regard. 62 70 2020/04/22019/12/162020/05/82020/04/72020/03/82020/06/12020/04/13 1399/1/25 2020/06/232020/05/282020/08/142020/07/252020/06/242020/06/232020/07/27 1399/5/6 Alireza Ghodsi Alireza Ghodsi Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran ghodsia921@mums.ac.ir Mohammad Mobin Mirimoghaddam Mohammad Mobin Mirimoghaddam Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran Mobinmiri@gmail.com Mehrdad Sarabi Mehrdad Sarabi Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran sarabim921@mums.ac.ir Amirreza Dehghan Tarazjani Amirreza Dehghan Tarazjani Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran dehghanta921@mums.ac.ir Alireza Omranzadeh Alireza Omranzadeh Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran omranzadeha@gmail.com Masoud Mahdavi Rashed Masoud Mahdavi Rashed Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran mahdavirm@mums.ac.ir Hamid Reza Rahimi Hamid Reza Rahimi Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran rahimihamidrezaa@gmail.com Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio Ulcerative colitis Multiple sclerosis Kawasaki disease Arakelyan A, Lilit N, Poghosyan D, Khondkaryan L, Hakobyan A, Lö Ffler-Wirth H, et al. 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Aluminum phosphide poisoning, an unusual presentation 2 2 Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is a very toxic compound commercially accessible as "rice tablet" in some markets in Iran. Although this toxin is used as a pesticide to protect grains from pests, it may be used for committing suicide. The poisoned patient experiences gastrointestinal problems as the first clinical manifestations in case of oral use, then develops acid-base disturbance, shock, and death in many cases. Intoxication with ALP can also affect the patient's hemodynamic status and cause electrocardiograph alterations, dysrhythmias, and even myocardial necrosis. In the current study, we introduce a young man who consumed an ALP tablet in a suicidal attempt and developed myocardial infarction even before metabolic acidosis and hypotension. 71 74 2020/04/22019/12/162020/05/82020/04/72020/03/82020/06/12020/04/132020/07/23 1399/5/2 2020/06/232020/05/282020/08/142020/07/252020/06/242020/06/232020/07/272020/08/27 1399/6/6 Alireza Ghodsi Alireza Ghodsi Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran ghodsia921@mums.ac.ir Bita Dadpour Bita Dadpour Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran dadpourb@mums.ac.ir Zahra Shokri Toroghi Zahra Shokri Toroghi Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran zahra.shokri.t@gmail.com Aluminum phosphide Myocardial infarction Phosphine Poisoning Faridaalaee G, Rahmani SH, Ahmadi S, Mahboubi A. An interesting case of aluminum phosphide poisoning. J Emerg Pract Trauma. 2016;2(1):29-30. doi: 10.15171/jept.2015.07.##Kumar M, Reddy PS, Kiran J. Aluminum Phosphide Poisoning: A Rare Presentation. Indian J Med Forensic Med Toxicol. 2018;12(1):165-9. doi: 10.5958/0973-9130.2018.00033.6.##Hassanian-Moghaddam H, editor Phosphides and phosphine: Mechanisms for toxicity and range of the problem. CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY; 2014: INFORMA HEALTHCARE 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA.##Qureshi MA, Nadeem S, Ahmad T, Tariq F, Rehman H, Qasim AP. Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning: Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Ann Punjab Med Coll. 2018;12(3):191-4. doi: 10.29054/APMC.18.535##Alinejad S, Zamani N, Abdollahi M, Mehrpour O. A narrative review of acute adult poisoning in Iran. Iran J Med Sci. 2017;42(4):327.##Hosseinian A, Pakravan N, Rafiei A, Feyzbakhsh S. Aluminum phosphide poisoning known as rice tablet: A common toxicity in North Iran. Indian J Med Sci. 2011;65(4):143. doi: 10.4103/0019-5359.104777.##Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Pajoumand A. Two years epidemiological survey of aluminum phosphide poisoning in Tehran. Iran J Toxicol. 2007;1(1):35-9.##Hashemi-Domeneh B, Zamani N, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Rahimi M, Shadnia S, Erfantalab P, et al. A review of aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it. Arch Indust Hyg Toxicol. 2016;67(3):183-93. doi: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2784.##Mirakbari SM. A review of aluminium phosphide poisoning and a flowchart to treat it: recommendation for a revision. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2017;68(1):74-. doi: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2934.##Eshraghi A, Rajaei N, Mood MB, Vakili V, Ramezani J. Changes of QT Dispersion in Patients Suffering from Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning (Rice Pill). Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(14):2251. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.564.## ##