Different Intensity Circuit Resistance Training Effect on the Plasma Level of the Inflammatory Cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α in Postmenopausal Women 2 2 Introduction: Obesity related inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In contrast, exercise training can decrease insulin resistance by modulating inflammation. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks different intensity circuit resistance training on the levels of the inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and TNF-α in obese postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: In the study, 44 postmenopausal women with average age of 56.07 ± 3.18 years old were selected and randomly assigned in four group including the control, low (L-RT), moderate (M-RT) and high intensity circuit resistance training (H-RT) groups. Circuit resistance training for L-RT, M-RT and H-RT groups, respectively, was conducted with 40, 60 and 80 percent of one repetition maximum. Blood sampling prepared in the pre and post-test stages and the plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by an immunoassay method. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups under study for TNF-α levels (P = 0.097), but inter group difference indicated that a significant decrease in the level of TNF-α in H-RT group (P = 0.004). The IL-6 levels showed a significant between-groups difference (P = 0.013) and also a significant decrease in the levels of IL-6 in H-RT group compared to L-RT group were observed (P = 0.049). Moreover, inter group analysis indicated significant decrease in the level of IL-6 only in H-RT group (P = 0.002). Conclusion: It seems that, the highest intensity circuit resistance training is more effective in downregulation of inflammatory mediators, and, in turn, the modulation of inflammation is associated with the decreased insulin resistance. 0 0 2020/04/22 1399/2/3 2020/06/23 1399/4/3 Azadeh Yaghoubian Azadeh Yaghoubian Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran azadeh.yaghoubian78@gmail.com Maghsoud Peeri Maghsoud Peeri Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran m.peeri@iauctb.ac.ir Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran m_azarbayjani@iauctb.ac.ir Inflammation Menopause Obesity Insulin resistance Zuo H, Shi Z, Hu X, Wu M, Guo Z, Hussain A. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and factors associated with its components in Chinese adults. 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Effect of Resistance Training along with Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Serum Levels of Some of the Molecular Markers of Muscle Hypertrophy in Male Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery 2 2 Introduction: To the best of our knowledge, no study has been evaluated the effect of a combination of resistance training and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on muscle hypertrophy factors in injured athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EMS on serum levels of some molecular markers of muscle hypertrophy in male athletes after anterior cruciate ligament surgery (ACL). Materials and Methods: Twenty male athletes after ACL surgery were selected and randomly divided into two groups: EMS and control (10 subjects in each group) of. Subjects in both groups performed resistance training (at intensity of 30-70 percentage of 10-repetition maximum, 2-4 sets). Whereas, subjects in EMS group performed resistance training with EMS at frequency of 35-70 Hz. Blood samples were collected before and 48 hours after the last training session to measure serum levels of sirtoin-1 (SIRT1), visfatin and nitric oxide (NO). Results: The finding showed that 12 weeks of EMS significantly increased serum levels of SIRT1 (P < 0.001), visfatin (P = 0.02) and NO (P = 0.01) in post-test compared to the pre-test. The results also revealed that the EMS training significantly increased SIRT1 (P < 0.001) and NO (P = 0.021) levels in comparison with the control group. However, there was no significant difference between two groups in visfatin levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that EMS training could possibly be a good alternative to the traditional resistance training to stimulate factors related to muscle protein synthesis. 1 9 2020/04/222020/08/1 1399/5/11 2020/06/232020/10/5 1399/7/14 Mohammad Hossein Khabbaz Kababi Mohammad Hossein Khabbaz Kababi Department of Physical Education, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran Iran PT.Khabaz@yahoo.com Najmeh Rezaeian Najmeh Rezaeian Department of Physical Education, Bojnourd branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran Iran rezaeian.n@gmail.com Hossein Negahban Sioki Hossein Negahban Sioki Department of Physiotherapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Iran honegahban@yahoo.com Ali Y'aghoubi Ali Y'aghoubi Department of Physical Education, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran Iran yaghoubiali65@gmail.com Electrical muscle stimulation Visfatin Nitric oxide Anterior cruciate ligament injury Herrington L, Myer G, Horsley I. 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The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Inflammatory Markers in Male Rats Undergoing X-ray Radiation 2 2 Introduction: One of the famous cancer treatments that are associated with an increment in inflammatory factors is X-ray radiation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training on inflammatory markers in male rats undergoing X-ray radiation. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: healthy control (n=6), HIIT (n=6), X-ray radiation (n=6) and X-ray radiation + HIIT (n=6). first, X-ray radiation and HIIT + X-ray radiation groups were anesthetized with ketamine xylazine solution (K, 60-90 kg/mg; Z, 6-10 kg/mg) and then placed on a 1 cm thick Plexiglas plate. The X-ray radiation photon beam was performed using X-ray with 4 Gy linear accelerators (Elekta Compact 6-MV China). The training program included ten weeks of HIIT. Serum levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by rat ELISA Kits. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the existence of a significant difference among groups. Results: The results showed a significant difference between TNF-α and IL-6 in the HIIT, X-ray radiation, and HIIT + X-ray radiation groups with the control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between these three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: X-ray radiation can increase TNF-α and IL-6. HIIT, on the other hand, can also enhance these factors. It seems better for people undergoing radiotherapy to use another exercise training instead of HIIT. 10 18 2020/04/222020/08/12021/08/13 1400/5/22 2020/06/232020/10/52021/10/18 1400/7/26 Mohammad Parastesh Mohammad Parastesh Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran Iran M-parastesh@araku.ac.ir Mohammadreza Bayatiani Mohammadreza Bayatiani Department of Radiotherapy and Medical Physics, Faculty of Para Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences and Khansari Hospital, Arak, Iran Iran bayatiani@arakmu.ac.ir Mina Khaleghi Mina Khaleghi Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran Iran kebria141@gmail.com Mohammadreza Sadeghian Shahi Mohammadreza Sadeghian Shahi Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Iran rsadeghian@yazd.ac.ir Farahnaz Ayatizadeh Tafti Farahnaz Ayatizadeh Tafti Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Iran Behzad Aria Behzad Aria Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran Iran b.aria@yazd.ac.ir X-ray radiation High-intensity interval training TNF-α IL-6 Lin L, Yan L, Liu Y, Yuan F, Li H. 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Preconditioning by Exercise and Curcumin Protects Left Ventricular Myocardium Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Suppresses Ventricular Arrhythmias in Rats 2 2 Introduction: The present study examined the effects of a 10-week preconditioning with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and curcumin supplementation before ischemia-reperfusion (IR) to investigate if this method contributes to the protection of cardiac myocardium against IR-induced injury and left ventricular dysfunction in rat. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (6-8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to the 5 groups (each with 10 rats), sedentary-control (Sed-CON), sedentary ischemia-reperfusion (Sed-IR), exercise with IR (Ex-IR), curcumin with IR (Cu-IR), and both exercise and curcumin with IR (Ex-Cu-IR). Exercise intervention performed five times a week for 10 weeks. After the training period, arrhythmias and electrocardiogram parameters, factors involved in cardiac structure and function, and infarct size of myocardium were investigated. Results: We observed that a 10-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (15-45 min at 12-24 m/min) five sessions a week as well as curcumin supplementation (50 mg/kg) over the mentioned period, in advance to IR, significantly decreased IR-induced infarct size in Ex-IR, Cu-IR, and Ex-Cu-IR groups compared to Sed-IR (P = 0.0001), alleviated arrhythmia by reduction in ventricular ectopic beats episodes in Ex-IR, Cu-IR, and Ex-Cu-IR groups compared to Sed-IR (P = 0.001), decreased ventricular tachycardia episods in Ex-IR, Cu-IR, and Ex-Cu-IR groups in comparison to that of Sed-IR group (P = 0.001) and improved cardiac function (P = 0.001). Conclusion: According to our findings, exercise has superior cardioprotective effects than curcumin. The combination of curcumin and exercise has no preference on exercise or curcumin alone. Hence both long-term aerobic exercise and curcumin supplementation are effective cardioprotectors against IR-induced injury. Introduction: The present study examined the effects of a 10-week preconditioning with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and curcumin supplementation before ischemia-reperfusion (IR) to investigate if this method contributes to the protection of cardiac myocardium against IR-induced injury and left ventricular dysfunction in rat. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (6-8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to the 5 groups (each with 10 rats), sedentary-control (Sed-CON), sedentary ischemia-reperfusion (Sed-IR), exercise with IR (Ex-IR), curcumin with IR (Cu-IR), and both exercise and curcumin with IR (Ex-Cu-IR). Exercise intervention performed five times a week for 10 weeks. After the training period, arrhythmias and electrocardiogram parameters, factors involved in cardiac structure and function, and infarct size of myocardium were investigated. Results: We observed that a 10-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (15-45 min at 12-24 m/min) five sessions a week as well as curcumin supplementation (50 mg/kg) over the mentioned period, in advance to IR, significantly decreased IR-induced infarct size in Ex-IR, Cu-IR, and Ex-Cu-IR groups compared to Sed-IR (P = 0.0001), alleviated arrhythmia by reduction in ventricular ectopic beats episodes in Ex-IR, Cu-IR, and Ex-Cu-IR groups compared to Sed-IR (P = 0.001), decreased ventricular tachycardia episods in Ex-IR, Cu-IR, and Ex-Cu-IR groups in comparison to that of Sed-IR group (P = 0.001) and improved cardiac function (P = 0.001). Conclusion: According to our findings, exercise has superior cardioprotective effects than curcumin. The combination of curcumin and exercise has no preference on exercise or curcumin alone. Hence both long-term aerobic exercise and curcumin supplementation are effective cardioprotectors against IR-induced injury. 19 30 2020/04/222020/08/12021/08/132021/05/24 1400/3/3 2020/06/232020/10/52021/10/182021/08/26 1400/6/4 Zahra Sayevand Zahra Sayevand Department of Sport Physiology, Section of Health Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Iran z.sayevand@phe.basu.ac.ir Farzad Nazen Farzad Nazen Department of Sport Physiology, Section of Health Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Iran farzadnazem2@gmail.com Afshin Nazari Afshin Nazari Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran Iran nazary257@lums.ac.ir Antiarrhythmic herbs Cardioprotection Moderate-intensity exercise Reoxygenation injury Cardiovascular disease Mokhtari-Zaer A, Marefati N, Atkin SL, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. 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The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Cognitive Distortion Strategies in Relation to Attachment Styles and Dissociative Experiences 2 2 Introduction: In dissociative experience, the coherent and perfectly coordinated quality of human cognition becomes highly incoherent. This study aims at investigating the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation and cognitive distortion strategies between attachment styles and dissociative experiences among students. Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive and used a correlation design. The statistical population consisted of all students of Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht. Using convenience sampling, 329 students (187 girls and 142 boys) were selected as the sample of the study. For accomplishing the research, the dissociative experiences (Bernstein and Putnam, 1986), attachment styles (Bartolomio and Horowit, 1991), cognitive distortion (Hammachi and Ozturk, 2004), and emotion regulation (Garnefski, Kraaij, Spinhoven, 2001) questionnaires, were used. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of safe style, isolation avoidance, and fearful style on dissociative experiences was equal to -0.15, 0.17, 0.21 which was significant (P < 0.01). The direct effect of preoccupied style was not significant. The indirect effect of safe and fearful style on dissociative experiences were equal to -0.12 and 0.33 which was significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The indirect effect of avoidance/detachment style and preoccupation style was not significant. The fitness of the model was 0.02, which was at the desired level. Conclusion: Considering the negative effect of secure style and the positive effect of insecure style on dissociative experiences, the importance of secure style and insecure style should be given more attention in treatment. 31 39 2020/04/222020/08/12021/08/132021/05/242021/04/1 1400/1/12 2020/06/232020/10/52021/10/182021/08/262021/06/27 1400/4/6 Ali Taheri Ali Taheri Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Iran taheri889@gmail.com Hojatollah Javidi Hojatollah Javidi Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Iran javid952@hotmail.com Hossein Bagholi Hossein Bagholi Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran Iran bhossein@gmail.com Ali Firoozabadi Ali Firoozabadi Department of Psychiatry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iran a_psych@hotmail.com Dissociative experiences Attachment styles Cognitive distortion Emotion regulation Lynn SJ, Maxwell R, Merckelbach H, Lilienfeld SO, van Heugten-van der Kloet D, Miskovic V. 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Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies. Motiv Emot. 2003;27(2):77-102. doi.org/10.1023/a:1024515519160.##Brennan KA, Clark CL, Shaver PR. Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory. Psyc TESTS Dataset. 1998. doi:10.1037/t23266-000.##Craparo G, Ardino V, Gori A, Caretti V. The relationships between early trauma, dissociation, and alexithymia in alcohol addiction. Psychia invest. 2014;11(3):330. doi: 10.4306/pi.2014.11.3.330.##Sumner JA, Griffith JW, Mineka S. Overgeneral autobiographical memory as a predictor of the course of depression: A meta-analysis. Behav Res Ther. 2010; 48(7):614-25. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.013.##Merckelbach H, Muris P. The causal link between self-reported trauma and dissociation: A critical review. Behav Res Ther 2001;39(3):245-54. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00181-3.##Ellis A. 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Attach Human Devel. 2017;19(6):534-58. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2017.1354040.##Liotti G. Attachment and dissociation. Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM-V and beyond; 2009: 53-65.##Schore AN. Relational trauma and the developing right brain: The neurobio of brok attach bond; 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04474. x.##Liotti G. Conflicts between motivational systems related to attachment trauma: Key to understanding the intra-family relationship between abused children and their abusers. J Trauma Dissociation. 2017 May-;18(3):304-318. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2017.1295392.## ##

Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis by Reducing Selected Hepato-adipokines in Response to Three Types of Resistance Training in Men with Obesity 2 2 Abstract Introduction: Decreased physical activity is one of the main causes of the obesity epidemic. In the process of obesity, the secretion of some hepato-adipokines increases and causes metabolic disorders. Exercise plays an important role in improving the complications of obesity by regulating the levels of selected hepato-adipokine. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three types of resistance training methods on selected hepato-adipokine and lipid profiles in men with obesity. Materials and Methods: The sample of the study included 44 sedentary men with obesity divided into 4 groups of traditional resistance training (TRT), circuit resistance training (CRT), and interval resistance training (IRT) as well as one control group. Fetuin-A, Fetuin-B, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured using the ELISA method. Results: The results of the mixed model ANOVA analysis showed a significant interaction between the type of training used and time at the levels of Fetuin-A (F (1, 40) = 94273.16, P = 0.001, ES = 1.00) and Fetuin-B (F (1, 40) = 49697.67, P = 0.001, ES = 0.99. In addition, within-group comparisons showed that lipid profile improved in TRT and CRT groups compared to the pretest (P = 0.001), while in the IRT group this improvement was not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The result of the present study shows that three models of resistance training reduced the select hepato-adipokines level in comparison to the control group. However, IRT and CRT had the greatest effect on reducing Fetuin-A and Fetuin-B, respectively. 50 61 2020/04/222020/08/12021/08/132021/05/242021/04/12021/09/7 1400/6/16 2020/06/232020/10/52021/10/182021/08/262021/06/272021/12/18 1400/9/27 Fatemeh Takalooei Fatemeh Takalooei Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Iran Shahnaz Shahrbanian Shahnaz Shahrbanian Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Iran sh.shahrbanian@modares.ac.ir Anthony C. Hackney Anthony C. Hackney Departments of Exercise and Sport Science, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA USA Exercise Adipose tissue Hepato-adipokines Fetuin-A Fetuin-B Metabolic disorder Homeostasis Organization WH. World Health Organization obesity and overweight fact sheet. 2016.##Blüher M. Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019;15(5):288-98. doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0176-8. ##Bray G, Kim K, Wilding J, Federation WO. Obesity: a chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation. Obes Rev. 2017;18(7):715-23. doi: 10.1111/obr.12551. ##James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789-858. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7. ##Kelly T, Yang W, Chen C-S, Reynolds K, He J. Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(9):1431-7. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.102. ##Rui L. Energy metabolism in the liver. Compr Physiol. 2014;4(1):177. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c130024. ##Iroz A, Couty J-P, Postic C. Hepatokines: unlocking the multi-organ network in metabolic diseases. Diabetologia. 2015;58(8):1699-703. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3634-4. ##Mathews ST, Chellam N, Srinivas PR, Cintron VJ, Leon MA, Goustin AS, et al. α2-HSG, a specific inhibitor of insulin receptor autophosphorylation, interacts with the insulin receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2000;164(1-2):87-98. doi: 10.1016/s0303-7207(00)00237-9. ##Pérez-Sotelo D, Roca-Rivada A, Larrosa-García M, Castelao C, Baamonde I, Baltar J, et al. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue express and secrete functional alpha2hsglycoprotein (fetuin a) especially in obesity. Endocrine. 2017;55(2):435-46. doi: 10.1007/s12020-016-1132-1 ##Yoo HJ, Choi KM. Hepatokines as a link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(1):10-5. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.10 ##Hennige AM, Staiger H, Wicke C, Machicao F, Fritsche A, Häring H-U, et al. Fetuin-A induces cytokine expression and suppresses adiponectin production. PLoS One. 2008;3(3):e1765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001765 ##Denecke B, Gräber S, Schäfer C, Heiss A, Wöltje M, Jahnen-Dechent W. Tissue distribution and activity testing suggest a similar but not identical function of fetuin-B and fetuin-A. Biochem J. 2003;376(1):135-45. doi: 10.1042/BJ20030676. ##Meex RC, Hoy AJ, Morris A, Brown RD, Lo JC, Burke M, et al. Fetuin B is a secreted hepatocyte factor linking steatosis to impaired glucose metabolism. Cell Metab. 2015;22(6):1078-89. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.023##Zhu J, Wan X, Wang Y, Zhu K, Li C, Yu C, et al. Serum fetuin B level increased in subjects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study. Endocrine. 2017;56(1):208-11. doi: 10.1007/s12020-016-1112-5##Bhatti MS, Akbri MZA, Shakoor M. Lipid profile in obesity. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2001;13(1):31-3. ##Shahid SU, Sarwar S. The abnormal lipid profile in obesity and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Pakistani subjects. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19(1):1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12944-020-01248-0 ##Ashtary-Larky D, Lamuchi-Deli N, Kashkooli S, Mombaini D, Alipour M, Khodadadi F, et al. The effects of exercise training on serum concentrations of chemerin in individuals with overweight and obesity: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of 43 clinical trials. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2021:1-16. doi: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1892148.##Gadelha AB, Paiva FML, Gauche R, de Oliveira RJ, Lima RM. Effects of resistance training on sarcopenic obesity index in older women: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;65:168-73. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.03.017.##Keihanian A, Arazi H, Kargarfard M. Effects of aerobic versus resistance training on serum fetuin-A, fetuin-B, and fibroblast growth factor-21 levels in male diabetic patients. Physiol Int. 2019;106(1):70-80. doi: 10.1556/2060.106.2019.01.##Lee S, Norheim F, Gulseth HL, Langleite TM, Kolnes KJ, Tangen DS, et al. Interaction between plasma fetuin‐A and free fatty acids predicts changes in insulin sensitivity in response to long‐term exercise. Physiol Rep. 2017;5(5):e13183. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13183. ##Tomeleri CM, Ribeiro AS, Souza MF, Schiavoni D, Schoenfeld BJ, Venturini D, et al. Resistance training improves inflammatory level, lipid, and glycemic profiles in obese older women: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol. 2016;84:80-7. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.09.005.##Barzegari A, Mahdirejei HA. Effects of 8 weeks resistance training on plasma vaspin and lipid profile levels in adult men with type 2 diabetes. Caspian J Intern Med. 2014;5(2):103. ##Brzycki M. Strength testing—predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue. JOPERD. 1993;64(1):88-90. doi: 10.1080/07303084.1993.10606684.##Jackson AS, Pollock ML. Practical assessment of body composition. Phys Sportsmed. 1985;13(5):76-90. doi: 10.1080/00913847.1985.11708790. ##Baechle TR, Earle RW. Essentials of strength training and conditioning: Human kinetics; 2008.##Jung TW, Youn B-S, Choi HY, Lee SY, Hong HC, Yang SJ, et al. Salsalate and adiponectin ameliorate hepatic steatosis by inhibition of the hepatokine fetuin-A. Biochem Pharmacol. 2013;86(7):960-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.034.##Dasgupta S, Bhattacharya S, Biswas A, Majumdar SS, Mukhopadhyay S, Ray S, et al. NF-κB mediates lipid-induced fetuin-A expression in hepatocytes that impairs adipocyte function effecting insulin resistance. Biochem J. 2010;429(3):451-62. doi: 10.1042/BJ20100330. ##Paoli A, Moro T, Marcolin G, Neri M, Bianco A, Palma A, et al. High-Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIRT) influences resting energy expenditure and respiratory ratio in non-dieting individuals. J Transl Med. 2012;10(1):1-8. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-237 ##Blumenthal JB, Gitterman A, Ryan AS, Prior SJ. Effects of exercise training and weight loss on plasma Fetuin-a levels and insulin sensitivity in overweight older men. J Diabetes Res. 2017;2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/1492581. ##Yang SJ, Hong HC, Choi HY, Yoo HJ, Cho GJ, Hwang TG, et al. Effects of a three‐month combined exercise programme on fibroblast growth factor 21 and fetuin‐A levels and arterial stiffness in obese women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011;75(4):464-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04078.x. ##Samadi A, Abbassi Daloii A, Barari A, Saeidi A. The effect of twelve weeks of combined training with and without canagliflozin consumption on fetuin A and fetuin B in type 2 diabetic men. J Bas Res Med Sci. 2020;7(4):20-30. doi: ##Saeidi A, C Hackney A, Tayebi SM, Ahmadian M, Zouhal H. Diabetes, Insulin Resistance, Fetuin-B and Exercise Training. Ann Appl Sport Sci. 2019;7(2):1-2. 10.29252/aassjournal.7.2.1. ##Mann S, Beedie C, Jimenez A. Differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined exercise modalities on cholesterol and the lipid profile: review, synthesis and recommendations. 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Significant Association of COVID-19 with Ozone and PM2.5: A Case of Tehran, Iran 2 2 Introduction: Air pollution is one of the prime public health concerns influencing infectious diseases. From May 13 to July 29, 2020(77 days), Tehran experienced unhealthy conditions caused by high levels of O3 and PM2.5, whereas other pollutants remained at safe levels. This study, for the first time, sought to investigate the linkage between not only PM pollutants, but also O3 and the number of daily confirmed new cases of COVID-19 in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the data on air pollution were obtained from an average of 23 air quality monitoring stations scattered in 20 districts of Tehran municipality during the 77days. Pearson’s correlation and log-linear generalized additive model (GAM) were used to examine the association of the daily numbers of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and levels of O3 and PM2.5. Also, effective degrees of freedom (edf) used to determine the structural relationship between independent and dependent variables. GAM was performed by R software (version 3.5.3) with the “mgcv” package (version 1.8-27). Results: The results show a significant relationship betweenO3, PM2.5, and COVID-19 (P <0.001), while other pollutants such as NO2, PM10, CO, and SO2 remain at healthy levels during the study period. Besides, O3 and PM2.5 with edfs greater than 1 had significant nonlinear effects on the daily number of COVID-19 cases (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, there is a positive nonlinear association between O3, PM2.5, and daily confirmed cases of COVID-19. These findings suggest that O3 and PM2.5 levels should be considered as influential factors that can aggravate coronavirus infection. 62 68 2020/04/222020/08/12021/08/132021/05/242021/04/12021/09/72021/06/21 1400/3/31 2020/06/232020/10/52021/10/182021/08/262021/06/272021/12/182021/07/18 1400/4/27 Mehdi Omidi Mehdi Omidi Department of Mathematics‎, ‎Ilam University‎, ‎Ilam‎, ‎Iran Iran m.omidi@ilam.ac.ir Rahebeh Abedi Rahebeh Abedi Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Eng., K.N.Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Iran Rahebeabedi2000@gmail.com Elham Sobati Elham Sobati Department of English Language, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Iran E.sobati@ilam.ac.ir Ali Sohrabnejad Ali Sohrabnejad Department of Management Health Service, Iran University, Tehran, Iran Iran asnsohrabi@gmail.com COVID-19 Air pollution GAM Tehran Hendryx M, Luo J. COVID-19 prevalence and fatality rates in association with air pollution emission concentrations and emission sources. Environ Pollut. 2020; 265 (PtA):115126. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol. 2020.115126.##Zambrano-Monserrate MA, Ruano, MA, Sanchez-AlcaldeL. Indirect effects ofCOVID-19 on the environment. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 728: 138813. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138813.##Sajadi MM, Habibzadeh P, VintzileosA, Shokouhi S, Miralles-Wilhelm F, Amoroso A. Temperature and latitude analysis to predict potential spread and seasonality for COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(6). doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11834.##Abdi M. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Iran: Actions and problems. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 2020; 41(6): 754–755.doi:10.1017/ice.2020.86.##Nakada LYK, Urban RC. COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in São Paulo state, Brazil. Sci Total Env. 2020; 730: 139087. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139087.##Muhammad S, Long X, Salman M. COVID-19 pandemic and environmental pollution: a blessing in disguise. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 728: 138820. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138820.##Coccia M. Factors determining the diffusion of COVID-19 and suggested strategy to prevent future accelerated viral infectivity similar to COVID. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 729: 138474. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138474.##Wu X, Nethery RC, Sabath BM, Braun D, Dominici F. Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: A nationwide cross-sectional study. ##medRxiv. 2020; doi:10.1101/2020.04.05.20054502.##Yao Y, Pan J, Wang W, Liu Z, Kan H, Qiu Y, Meng X, Wang W. Association of particulate matter pollution and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 741: 140396. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140396.##Ogen Y. Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to the coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality rate. Sci Total Env. 2020; 726: 138605. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138605.##Wang J, Tang K, Feng K, Lv W. High temperature and high humidity reduce the transmission of COVID-19. BMJ Open. 2020; 11(2). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043863.##Atash F. The deterioration of urban environments in developing countries: Mitigating the air pollution crisis in Tehran, Iran. Cities. 2007; 24(6): 399-409. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2007.04.001.##Ahmadi M, Sharifi A, Dorosti S, Ghoushchi SJ, Ghanbari N. Investigation of effective climatology parameters on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 729: 138705. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138705.##Seifi M, Niazi S, Johnson G, Nodehi V. Yunesian, M., Exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of childhood cancers: A population-based study in Tehran, Iran. Sci Total Environ. 2019; 646: 105-110. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.219.##Amini H, Taghavi-Shahri SM, Henderson, SB, Naddafi, K, Nabizadeh R, Yunesian, M. Land use regression models to estimate the annual and seasonal spatial variability of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter in Tehran, Iran. Sci Total Environ. 2014; 488: 343-353. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.106.##Haashemi S, Weng Q, Darvishi A, Alavipanah S. Seasonal Variations of the Surface Urban Heat Island in a Semi-arid City. Remote Sens. 2016; 8 (4): 352. doi:10.3390/rs8040352.##Hastie T J, Tibshirani R. Generalized Additive Models. Chapman & Hall, London. 1990.##Wood S. Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R. Chapman & Hall, London. 2006.##Ravindra K, Rattan P, Mor S, Aggarwal A N. Generalized additive models: Building evidence of air pollution, climate change and human health. 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Predicting the Aging Trend of Ilam Population and the Necessity for Implementing Health Services for the Elderly Until 2050 2 2 Introduction: The process of demographic transition has led to a change in the age of populations. Almost all countries around the globe have passed or are passing through the reproductive phase, which naturally contributes to the rising elderly populations. The present study was conducted to predict future trends of the elderly population in Ilam city. Materials and Methods: The secondary analysis method, population forecasting model, and scenario producing approach were used to assess demographic changes. Data analysis and the prediction of population features were performed using Spectrum and Mortpak software. Results: Among the important findings of this study was that the elderly population is rising in Ilam. Currently, the elderly population comprises 5% of the total population of Ilam, which will increase to more than 20% in 2050. Conclusion: Policy makers and managers should consider implementing social welfare and health care services for the elderly in the future. 69 75 2020/04/222020/08/12021/08/132021/05/242021/04/12021/09/72021/06/212020/08/17 1399/5/27 2020/06/232020/10/52021/10/182021/08/262021/06/272021/12/182021/07/182020/11/23 1399/9/3 Azizmorad Moradnezhadi Azizmorad Moradnezhadi Department of Population Studies, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran nazzii132@gmail.com Ali Pezhhan Ali Pezhhan Department of Population Studies, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran Pezhhan_ali@yahoo.com Naser Hejazi Naser Hejazi Department of Sociology, Dehaghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran hejaziin@yahoo.com Population change Futures studies Ilam Population projection Aging Anderson LA, Goodman RA, Holtzman D, Posner SF, Northridge ME. Aging in the United States: opportunities and challenges for public health. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(3):393-5. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300617.##Heidari S, Mohammad Gholizadeh L, Asadolahi F, Abedini Z. Evaluation of health status of elderly in Qom city, 2011, Iran. Qom UMSJ. 2013;7(4):71-80.##Arab-Zozani M, Mostafazadeh N, Arab-Zozani Z, Ghoddoosi-Nejad D, Hassanipour S, Soares JJ. The prevalence of elder abuse and neglect in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Elder Abuse Negl. 2018;30(5):408-23. doi: 10.1080/08946566.2018.1523765.##Maghsoudi A, Dindarloo S, Jamali T, Ghaed S, Rastgoo Z, Hassanipour Azgomi S. Comparison of sleep quality and general health in elderly individuals living in their houses and nursing homes. Sadra Med J. 2016;4(3):161-72.##Bloom DE, Boersch-Supan A, McGee P, Seike A. Population aging: facts, challenges, and responses. Ben. Compen Int. 2011;41(1):22.##Ahmadi B, Alimohamadian M, Mahmoodi M. Polypharmacy among older adults in Tehran. Tehran Univ Med J. 2006;64(9):65-71.##Dadkhah A. Review of aged rendered services in USA and Japan and Guidelines for Iran aging strategic plan. 2007.##Mirzaie M. Factors affecting the elderly self-perceived health status. Iran J Age. 2008;3(2):539-46.##Mohammadi S, Yazdani Charati J, Mousavinasab N. Factors Affecting Iran’s Population Aging, 2016. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2017;27(155):71-8.##Safdari R, Sadeghi F, Mohammadiazar M. Aged Care and Services Programs in Iran: Looking at the Performance of Relevant Organizations. Payavard. 2016; 10 (2) :155-66.##Yahyavi Dizaj J, Emamgholipour S, Pourreza A, Nommani F, Molemi S. Effect of aging on catastrophic health expenditure in iran during the period 2007-2016. J Public Health Res. 2018;16(3):216-27.##Afshar PF, Asgari P, Shiri M, Bahramnezhad F. A review of the Iran's elderly status according to the census records. Galle Med J. 2016;5(1):1-6.##Riahi ME. A comparative study on the status of elderly in the traditional and modern societies. Iran J Age. 2008;3(3):10-21.##Farzianpour F, Foroushani AR, Badakhshan A, Gholipour M, Hosseini M. Evaluation of quality of life and safety of seniors in Golestan Province, Iran. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2015;1. doi: 10.1177/2333721415599702.##Warner H. Support for basic gerontological research in the USA. Exp Gerontol. 2001;36(3):403-12. doi: 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00261-8.##Lee TW, Ko IS, Lee KJ. Health promotion behaviors and quality of life among community-dwelling elderly in Korea: A cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43(3):293-300. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.06.009.##Buckinx F, Rolland Y, Reginster J-Y, Ricour C, Petermans J, Bruyère O. Burden of frailty in the elderly population: perspectives for a public health challenge. Arch Public Health. 2015;73(1):1-7. doi: 10.1186/s13690-015-0068-x.##Mehri N, Messkoub M, Kunkel S. Trends, determinants and the implications of population aging in Iran. Age Int. 2020;45(4):327-43. doi: 10.1007/s12126-020-09364-z.##Mehri N, Messkoub M, Kunkel S. Trends, determinants and the implications of population aging in Iran. Age Int. 2020;45(4):327-43. doi: 10.1007/s12126-020-09364-z.##Gu D, Dupre ME. Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging: Springer, Cham; 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_300106.##Ogura S, Jakovljevic MM. Global population aging-health care, social and economic consequences. Front Public Health. 2018; 6:335. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00335.## ##