Risk Factors Affecting Abortion Among Pregnant Women– A Case-Control Study 2 2 Introduction: Abortion, a common pregnancy complication, is influenced by multifaceted reproductive, economic, social, and cultural factors. This study investigates abortion determinants among pregnant women in Khorramabad, Iran, from September 2020 to March 2021. Material & Methods: This case-control study involved 416 pregnant women (208 cases, 208 controls) selected from Khorramabad health centers through census and random sampling during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on demographics and pregnancy history were collected using a checklist and analyzed with STATA16. Results: Among the 416 pregnant women, the mean age was 31.00 ± 5.53 years in the control group and 32.27 ± 6.85 years in the case group. Furthermore, 74 (35.58%) mothers in the case group had a diploma, 192 (92.31%) were housewives, and 106 (50.96%) had A+ blood group. The majority of mothers (46.63% in case, 39.42% in control) had an overweight range of pre-pregnancy BMI (25-29.9) (kg/m2). The mean height was 162.97 ± 5.30 in the control group and 160.86 ± 5.39 in the case group. Multiple regression logistic analysis confirmed significant associations between abortion and mother's age (OR=4.67, 95%CI=1.11-19.62), previous cesarean delivery (OR=4.33, 95%CI=1.94-9.66), not taking folic acid pills during pregnancy (OR=14.92, 95%CI=6.25-35.61), low income (OR=7.00, 95%CI=2.02-24.35), not smoking (OR=0.28, 95%CI=0.08-0.94), and absence of pre-diabetes (OR=0.13, 95%CI=0.03-0.47) (p < 0.05). No significant relationships were found between abortion and other studied risk factors. Conclusion: Older mothers with lower income levels are more likely to experience abortion. Additionally, factors such as pre-existing pre-diabetes, previous cesarean deliveries, smoking, lack of folic acid supplementation, and maternal infections are identified as risk factors for abortion. Providing education, healthcare, and continuous support from healthcare workers can promote safe pregnancies, reduce the risk of abortion, and enhance maternal and child health outcomes. 1 13 2023/12/14 1402/9/23 2024/04/2 1403/1/14 Shima Hashemi Shima Hashemi Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran shimasepsix@gmail.com Ashraf Direkvand Moghadam Ashraf Direkvand Moghadam Department of Midwifery. Faculty of Nursery and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Direkvand-a@medilam.ac.ir Kourosh Sayehmiri Kourosh Sayehmiri Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran sayehmiri@razi.yums.ac.ir Mirhadi Mousavi Mirhadi Mousavi Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran Mirhadimousavi33@yahoo.com Hamzeh Ahmadi Hamzeh Ahmadi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, lsfahan, lran Iran hamzeh.ahmadi@yahoo.com Monireh Azizi Monireh Azizi Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Aziz.moaz@gmail.com Khairollah Asadollahi Khairollah Asadollahi Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Masoud_1241@yahoo.co.uk Abortion Pregnancy Mothers Child Carp, H. J. A. Progestogens and pregnancy loss. Climacteric. 2018; 22:1-5. doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2018.1436166##Smorgick N, Mittler A, Ben-Ami I, Maymon R, Vaknin Z, Pansky M. Retained products of conception: What is the risk for recurrence on subsequent pregnancies? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2018; 5(224):1-5. doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.03.006##Kaser D. The status of genetic screening in recurrent pregnancy loss. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2018; 45(1):143-154. DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2017.10.007##Ammon Avalos L, Galindo C, Li DK. A systematic review to calculate background miscarriage rates using life table analysis. Birth Defects Res Part A Clin Mol Teratol. 2012; 94(6):417-23. DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23014##Akhtari E. Pregnancy termination from ancient Persia till present time. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2017; 19(40):1-5. Doi: 10.22038/ijogi.2017.8442##Bearak J, Popinchalk A, Ganatra B, Moller A-B, Tunçalp Ö, Beavin C et al. Unintended pregnancy and abortion by income, region, and the legal status of abortion: estimates from a comprehensive model for 1990–2019. Lancet Glob Health. 2020 Sep; 8(9):e1152-e1161. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30315-6.##Ganatra B, Gerdts C, Rossier C, Ronald Johnson Jr B, Tuncalp O, Assifi A, et al. Global, regional and subregional classification of abortions by safety 2010-14: Estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model. Lancet. 2017; 390(10110): 2372-81. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31794-4##Guttmacher Institute. Unintended pregnancy and abortion worldwide [Internet]. 2020. [updated 2020 July]. Available from: https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/induced-abortion-worldwide.##Rastegari A, Baneshi MR, Haji-Maghsoudi S, Nakhaee N, Eslami M, Malekafzali H, et al. Estimating the annual incidence of abortions in Iran applying a network scale-up approach. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014; 16(10): e15765. [In Persian]##Chan RL, Olshan AF, Savitz DA, Herring AH, Daniels JL, Peterson HB, et al. Severity and duration of nausea and vomiting symptoms in pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Human reproduction. 2010; 25(11):2907-12. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deq260##Moradinazar Mehdi, Najafi Farid, Moradi Nazar Zeinab, Hamzeh Behrooz, Pasdar Yahya, Shakiba Ebrahim. Lifetime Prevalence of Abortion and Risk Factors in Women: Evidence from a Cohort Study. Journal of Pregnancy. 2020: 1-8.##Nazarpour S, Tehrani FR, Simbar M, Azizi F. Thyroid dysfunction and pregnancy outcomes. Iranian journal of reproductive medicine. 2015; 13(7):387-96. PMID: 26494985 PMCID: PMC4609317##Maghsoudi R, Mirhosseini M. Spontaneous abortion and anti-thyroid antibodies in mother’s serum. Life Science Journal. 2014; 11:41-4. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2....##Pershad J, Mugerwa KY, Filippi V, et al. Prevalence and determinants of self-reported anxiety and stress among women with abortion-related complications admitted to health facilities in Eastern and Southern Africa: A cross-sectional survey. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2022; 156 (1): 53–62. doi:10.1002/ijgo.14042##Frederico M, Michielsen K, Arnaldo C, Decat P. Factors influencing abortion decision-making processes among young women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(2):329-42. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15020329##Alexander P, Frick MD MRCOG. Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Journal of Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2021: 92-100.##Rosaly Correa-de-Araujo, Sung Sug (Sarah) Yoon. Clinical Outcomes in High-Risk Pregnancies Due to Advanced Maternal Age. Journal of Women's Health. 2021: 30(2).##The practice committee of the American society for reproductive medicine. Evaluation and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility. 2012: 98 (5): 1103-11.##Erfani A. Tehran survey of fertility. A study on the reproductive behavior of married women in Tehran. Tehran: The population studies and research center in Asia and pacific (PSRC). 2010. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1170785##Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Osterman MJK, Hyattsville, MD. Births: Final data for 2016. National vital statistics reports. sNational Center for Health Statis-tics, 2018: 67(1).##Pourjafari H, Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori M, Arab M. Frequencies of antigens and their alleles from ABO & RH blood types in a group of women with two or more abortions. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine 2004; 10(4):43-46. https://www.sid.ir/paper/538877/en##Shahverdi E, Moghaddam M, Talebian A, Abolghasemi H. Distribution of blood groups in the Iranian general population. J Blood Group Serol Mol Genet. 2016; 32(4):135. PMID: 28257227##Higgins JR, Walshe JJ, Darling MR, Norris L, Bonnar J. Hemostasis in the uteroplacental and peripheral circulations in normotensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 179(2): 520-6. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70389-8##Hassanzadeh-Nazarabadi M, Shekouhi S, Seif N. The Incidence of Spontaneous Abortion in Mothers with Blood Group O Compared with other Blood Types. Int J Mol Cell Med. 2012; 1(2):99-104. PMID: 24551765 PMCID: PMC3920496##Karbasian Zahra. The relationship between pregnant mothers addiction with abortion. New advances in psychology, education, and education. 2018; 1(2): 59-67.##Skogsdal Y, Karlsson J, Tydén T, Patil S, Backman H. The association of smoking, use of snuff, and preconception alcohol consumption with spontaneous abortion: A population-based cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2023;102:15-24. doi: 10.1111/aogs.14470##Triggianese P, Perricone C, Perricone R, De Carolis C. Prolactin and Natural Killer Cells: Evaluating the Neuroendocrineimmune Axis in Women with Primary Infertility and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014. DOI:10.1111/aji.12335##Khazaei S, Soltani O. Caffeine intake and spontaneous aboration. SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ofIlam Medical University. 2003: 10(36, 37): 39-45. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200012213432503##Kitts DD. Caffeine metabolism and its deposition in the pregnant rat andfetus. cand instfood sir technol J 1986 ; 19: XL.##Pustejovsky JE, Rodgers MA. Testing for funnel plot asymmetry of standardized mean differences. Res Synth Methods. 2019; 10: 57–71. doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1332##Afolabi BB, Moses OE, Oduyebo OO. Bacterial vaginosis and pregnancy outcome in Lagos, Nigeria. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2016; 3:ofw030. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw030.##Erfani A. Induced abortion in Tehran, Iran: Estimated rates and correlates. Int Perspect Sex Report Health. 2011; 37(3): 134-42. DOI: 10.1363/3713411##Ford J.H, MacCormac L. Pregnancy and lifestyle study: the long-term use of the contraceptive pill and the risk of agerelated miscarriage. Human Reproduction. 1995: 10(6): 1397–1402. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/10.6.1397##L. Michie, S.T. Cameron. Emergency contraception and impact on abortion rates. . Journal of Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2020: 111-119.##Kovacs P, Barg P.E, Witt B.R. “Hypothalamic-pituitary suppression with oral contraceptive pills does not improve outcome in poor responder patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles,” Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2001: 18(7): 391–394. DOI: 10.1023/a:1016626607387##Hansen M-LH, Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Knudsen LB, Keiding N. Rates of induced abortion in Denmark according to age, previous births and previous abortions. Demographic Research. 2009; 21: 647-80. Doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2009.21.22##Mahmoudiani S, Ahmadi AY, Javadi A. 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Epidemiology and Severity of Burns in Children: A Study in Ilam (2015-2019) 2 2 Introduction: Burn injuries represent a prevalent concern among children, often resulting in irreversible complications. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and severity of burns in children under 12 years of age admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam from 2015 to 2019. Material & Methods: This retrospective descriptive study examined the medical records of 150 children under 12 years old admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ilam with burn injuries between 2015 and 2019. Data were collected through chart reviews and interviews with the patients' families, and analyzed using SPSS v-19. Results: The majority of burn cases occurred in children under three years old (61.3%, 92 individuals), with more than half being boys (55.3%, 83 individuals). Second-degree burns accounted for 87.3% (131 individuals) of cases, with approximately 80% (120 individuals) involving burns covering 1-20% of the body surface area. Hot liquids were the leading cause of burns (79.9%, 119 individuals), and 84% (126 individuals) of burns occurred in enclosed spaces. Only 18.7% (122 individuals) of cases required hospitalization, with no fatalities reported. Conclusion: Preventive measures targeting young children, particularly those under three years old, and boys, given their active nature, are crucial in reducing burn incidents. Additionally, addressing factors such as the availability of combustible materials, particularly hot liquids, through educational programs can significantly contribute to burn prevention efforts. 14 21 2023/12/142024/02/2 1402/11/13 2024/04/22024/04/2 1403/1/14 Esmaeel Ghaderi Esmaeel Ghaderi Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran lioessi17@gmail.com Narges Jalilian Narges Jalilian Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran nargesjalilian8021@gmail.com Paria Hashemi Paria Hashemi Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Iran pr.hashemi@yahoo.con Fatemeh Heydari Fatemeh Heydari Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran ftm.heydari2018@gmail.com Shokoofeh Kazemzadeh Shokoofeh Kazemzadeh Department of Medical Basic Science, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran Iran shokoofe_kazemzadeh@yahoo.com Azar Babakhani Azar Babakhani Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Burns Epidemiology Child Hashemi SS, Sharhani A, Lotfi B, Ahmadi-Juibari T, Shaahmadi Z, Aghaei A. A systematic review on the epidemiology of pediatric burn in Iran. Journal of Burn Care & Research. 2017;38(6). e944-e51.doi:10.1097/BCR524##Armstrong M, Wheeler KK, Shi J, Thakkar RK, Fabia RB, Groner JI, et al. Epidemiology and trend of US pediatric burn hospitalizations, 2003–2016. 2021;47(3):551-9.doi:org/10.1016/j.burn.2020.05.021##Poulos RG, Hayen A, Chong SS, Finch CF. Geographic mapping as a tool for identifying communities at high risk of fire and burn injuries in children. Burns. 2009;35(3). 417-24.doi:org/10.1016/j.burn.2008.08.001##Kumar S, Ali W, Verma AK, Pandey A, Rathore S. Epidemiology and mortality of burns in the Lucknow Region, India—a 5 year study. Burns. 2013;39(8). 1599-605.doi:org/10.1016/j.burn.2013.04.008##Bagheri T, Fatemi Mohammad J, Hoveidamanesh S, Ghadimi T, Asgari M, Rahbar A, et al. Epidemiology and Etiology of Pediatric Burns in Iran. Journal of Burn Care & Research. 2022:irac140.doi:org/10.1093/jbcr/irac140.##Joseph KE, Adams CD, Goldfarb I, Slater H. Parental correlates of unintentional burn injuries in infancy and early childhood. Burns. 2002;28(5).doi:org/101016/s0305-4179(02)00035-9.##Griffiths H, Thornton K, Clements CM, Burge T, Kay A, Young A. The cost of a hot drink scald. Burns. 2006;32(3).doi:org/10.1016/j.burns.2005.10.025##McLoughlin E, McGuire A. The causes, cost, and prevention of childhood burn injuries. American journal of diseases of children. 1990;144(6).doi:10.1001/archpedi:1990.02150300075020.##Nassar JY, Al Qurashi AA, Albalawi IA, Nukaly HY, Halawani IR, Abumelha AF, et al. Pediatric Burns: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Epidemiology, Gender Distribution, Risk Factors, Management, and Outcomes in Emergency Departments. Cureus. 20233;15(11):e49012. doi:10.7759/cureus.49012##Emir Alavi S, Tolouei M, Shodjaei H, Kouchakinejad L. Epidemiology of childhood burns in children referred to Velayat Burn University Hospital of Rasht during 2008-9. KAUMS Journal (FEYZ). 2011;14(5):512-9.##García-Díaz A, Gacto-Sánchez P, Durán-Romero AJ, Carrasco-García S, Ruiz-Moya A, Molina-Morales J, et al. Pediatric major burns: a monocentric retrospective review of etiology and outcomes (2008–2020). 2022;doi:org/10.1007/s00238-022-01957-y##Van Niekerk A, Reimers A, Laflamme L. Area characteristics and determinants of hospitalised childhood burn injury: a study in the city of Cape Town. Public health. 2006;120(2).doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2005.08.015##Dehghani M, Hakimi H, Mosazadeh S, Zeinali Z, Shafiepour SZ. Survey related factors to burning of 1-6 years old children referred to Velayat’s health and training center of burn in Rasht city. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2018;16(3).doi:10.18869/acadpub.psj.163.1##Asuquo ME, Ekpo R, Ngim O. A prospective study of burns trauma in children in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, south–south Nigeria. Burns. 2009;35(3).doi:10.1016/j.burns.2008.07.007##Hashemi S-S, Mahmoodi M, Tohidinik HR, Mohammadi AA, Mehrabani D. The Epidemiology of Burn and Lethal Area of Fifty Percentage (LA50) in Children in Shiraz, Southern Iran %J WORLD JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY. 2021;10(1).doi:10.29252/wjps.10.1.66##Demir Yiğit Y, Yiğit E, Taş IJEPAG. Burn trauma in infants. 2023;71(1):39.doi:10.1186/s3054-023-00189-4##Biria M, ArshiSh SH, Malekpour N. Effective factors in burnt children below 6 years old at rural district, Ardabil, 1382. Medical research journal of Ardabil. 2007;8(1):14-9.##Torabian S, Saba MS. Epidemiology of paediatric burn injuries in Hamadan, Iran. Burns. 2009;35(8).doi:10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.194##Maghsoudi H, Samnia N. Etiology and outcome of pediatric burns in Tabriz, Iran. Burns. 2005;31(6).doi:10.1016/j.burns.2005.02.003##El-Badawy A, Mabrouk AR. Epidemiology of childhood burns in the burn unit of Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt. Burns. 1998;24(8).doi:10.1016/s0305-4179(98)00097-7##Padalko A, Cristall N, Gawaziuk JP, Logsetty S. Social complexity and risk for pediatric burn injury: a systematic review. Journal of Burn Care & Research. 2019;40(4).doi:10.1093/jbcr/irz059##Mashreky SR, Rahman A, Chowdhury S, Giashuddin S, Svanström L, Linnan M, et al. Epidemiology of childhood burn: yield of largest community based injury survey in Bangladesh. Burns. 2008;34(6).doi:10.1016/j.burn.2007.09.009##Čelko AM, Grivna M, Dáňová J, Barss P. Severe childhood burns in the Czech Republic: risk factors and prevention. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2009;87(5).doi:10.2471/blt.08.059535.## ##

The Apgar Score: A Predictor of Clinical Adverse Outcomes during the Neonatal Period 2 2 Introduction: The Apgar score, assessing newborns' health at birth, indicates adverse conditions and the need for medical attention. This study investigates its predictive value for neonatal outcomes. Material & Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 207 neonates in Ilam city hospitals (2015-2016). It compared two groups: 69 neonates with Apgar scores <7 (exposed) and 138 with scores ≥7 (unexposed) at birth. Neonates were followed through the neonatal period, and outcomes were compared. Statistical analysis used SPSS Statistics software. Results: At the fifth minute, the exposed group had higher rates of resuscitation need (51% vs. 26.7%, p=0.01), re-admission (51% vs. 31.1%), and mortality (60% vs. 12.2%, p=0.03) compared to the unexposed group. Relative risks for the exposed group were 3.8 (resuscitation), 6.1 (NICU admission), 2.94 (re-admission), and 2.5 (mortality) at the first minute, and 2.9, 2.7, 2.3, and 19.9, respectively, at the fifth minute. Conclusion: Apgar scores <7 increase the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes including NICU admission, resuscitation, and higher mortality rates. The Apgar score serves as a valuable predictor of adverse neonatal outcomes. 22 32 2023/12/142024/02/22023/12/9 1402/9/18 2024/04/22024/04/22024/04/7 1403/1/19 Khairollah Asadollahi Khairollah Asadollahi Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran masoud_1241@yahoo.co.uk Arezoo Karimi Arezoo Karimi Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran Iran Nazanin Rezaei Nazanin Rezaei Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran MirHadi Mussavi MirHadi Mussavi Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran Monireh Azizi Monireh Azizi Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Salman Daliri Salman Daliri Health Deputy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Iran Apgar Score Neonatal Complications Cohort Study Martin, R., A. Fanaroff, and M. Walsh, Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Dis Fetal Infant. Elsevier Mosby, 2010: p. 965-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-06545-0.00063-7##Hardani, A.K., et al., Conventional versus combined apgar scores in neonatal asphyxia: a prospective study. Tehran Univ Med J., 2015. 72(10): p. 717-722. URL: http://tumj.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6464-en.html##Vahabi, S., M. Haidari, and A. Ghorbani-vaghai, New assessment of relationship between Apgar score and early neonatal mortality. Minerva Pediatr., 2010. 62(3): p. 249-252. PMID: 20467376##zakaria, M.H., et al., Effective factors in the birth of infants with low Apgar score. J Tabriz Univ Med Sci., 2010. 32(4): p. 21-26. DOI: 10.22038/ijp.2020.48805.3919##Rahi, E., et al., A Comparison between APGAR Scores and Birth Weight in Infants of Addicted and Non-Addicted Mothers. Addict Health, Winter & Spring, 2011. 3(1-2): p. 61-67. PMID: 24494118##Alizadeh, L., et al., The Correlation between Infants’ Birth Weight and Apgar Score and Maternal Hemoglobin Concentration. Iran J Blood Cancer., 2014. 7(1): p. 19-24. URL: http://ijbc.ir/article-1-518-en.html##Souza ML, Lynn FA, Johnston L, Tavares EC, Brüggemann OM, Botelho LJ. Fertility rates and perinatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies: a retrospective population-based study. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2017 Apr 6;25:e2876. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.1820.2876.##Sánchez, Á.V., et al., Infrapeso materno y resultados perinatales: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo Maternal underweight and perinatal outcomes: a restrospective cohort study. Nutr Hosp, 2017. 34(3): p. 647-653. http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.459##Shen, M., et al., Comparison of risk factors and outcomes of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. PLoS ONE, 2017. 12(4): p. 1-13. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175914##Manríquez, P.G. and O.C. Escudero, Analysis of risk factors for neonatal death in Chile, 2010-2014. Rev Chil Pediatr, 2017. 88(4): p. 458-464. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0370-41062017000400003##Kropiwieca, M.V., S.C. Francoa, and A.R.d. Amarala, Factors associated with infant mortality in a Brazilan city with high human development index Rev Paul Pediatr, 2017. 35(4): p. 1-8. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;4;00006##Laptook-Abbot, R., et al., Prediction of Early Childhood Outcome of Term Infants using Apgar Scores at 10 Minutes following Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Pediatrics, 2009 124(6): p. 1619-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0934##Palme-Kilander, C., Methods of resuscitation in low-Apgar-score newborn infants a national survey. Acta Paediatr., 2008. 81(10): p. 739-744.##Chen, H.-Y., S.C. Blackwell, and S.P. Chauhan, Association between apgar score at 5 minutes and adverse outcomes among Low-Risk pregnancies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2022. 35(7): p. 1344-1351.##Cnattingius, S., S. Johansson, and N. Razaz, Apgar score and risk of neonatal death among preterm infants. N Engl J Med, 2020. 383(1): p. 49-57. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915075##Jeganathan, R., et al., Factors associated with recovery from 1 minute Apgar score <4 in live, singleton, term births: an analysis of Malaysian National Obstetrics Registry data 2010–2012. Jeganathan et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2017. 17(110). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1293-9##Ehrenstein, V., Association of Apgar scores with death and neurologic disability. Clinical Epidemiology, 2009. 1 p. 45-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/clep.s4782##Forsblad, K., et al., Apgar score predicts short-term outcome in infants born at 25 gestational weeks. Acta Paediatr, 2007. 96(2): p. 166-171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00099.x##Razaz, N., S. Cnattingius, and K. Joseph, Association between Apgar scores of 7 to 9 and neonatal mortality and morbidity: population based cohort study of term infants in Sweden. bmj, 2019. 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l1656##Thavarajah, H., C. Flatley, and S. Kumar, The relationship between the five minute Apgar score, mode of birth and neonatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2018. 31(10): p. 1335-1341.## ##

Impact of Online and Face-to-Face Education on Learning and Satisfaction Levels of Medical Students in the Medical Physiology Course 2 2 Introduction: Effective performance in online education increasingly impacts the quality of classes and, consequently, student learning outcomes. This study aims to compare satisfaction levels and learning rates between online and face-to-face methods of teaching medical physiology. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study involved 79 medical students divided into two groups. The first group received instruction on heart physiology (5 weeks, one session per week) online via the Navid system, while the second group received face-to-face instruction. At the study's conclusion, both groups underwent the same test to assess learning outcomes, and satisfaction with the teaching methods was evaluated through a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using Stata 14 statistical software, employing logistic regression and linear regression models. Results: The two groups differed in terms of the course studied, student nativeness, and satisfaction levels with the educational method. Satisfaction with online education was reported at 69%, compared to 65% for the face-to-face method. The average learning score for students in the online group was 12.93±0.12, while in the face-to-face group, it was 13.48±0.47. However, the linear regression model revealed no significant relationship between students' scores and specific educational methods (p=0.32). Significant relationships were observed between age, nativeness, and dormitory accommodation with satisfaction levels in online education. Conversely, none of the variables showed a significant relationship with satisfaction levels in face-to-face education. Conclusion: Both e-learning and face-to-face methods demonstrated relatively similar effects on students' learning outcomes. However, satisfaction levels with online education appear to be influenced by variables such as age, nativeness, and dormitory accommodation. 33 42 2023/12/142024/02/22023/12/92024/02/3 1402/11/14 2024/04/22024/04/22024/04/72024/04/9 1403/1/21 Maryam Kheiry Maryam Kheiry Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran m.kheiry@yahoo.com Aliashraf Mozafari Aliashraf Mozafari Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Iran Iran mozafari-a@medilam.ac.ir Mohamadreza Kaffashian Mohamadreza Kaffashian Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran kaffashian-mr@medilam.ac.ir Amin kheiri Amin kheiri Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran kheiri-a@medilam.ac.ir Masoumeh shohani Masoumeh shohani Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran. Iran shohani-m@medilam.ac.ir Azra Kenarkoohi Azra Kenarkoohi Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran kenarkoohi-a@medilam.ac.ir mahdi vahabi mahdi vahabi Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran drmahdi.vahabi76@gmail.com maryam maleki maryam maleki Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran maryammaleki777@yahoo.com face-to-face education electronic learning physiology satisfaction learning students medicine Zarshenas L, Danaei SM, Oshagh M, Salehi P. Problem Based Learning: An Experience of a New Educational Method in Dentistry. Iran J Med educ. 2010;10(2).##Haghani F, Khadivzadeh T. The Effect of a Learning and Study Skills Workshop on Talented Students' Learning and Study Strategies in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iran J Med educ. 2009;9(1).##Antepohl W, Herzig S. Problem‐based learning versus lecture‐based learning in a course of basic pharmacology: a controlled, randomized study. Med educ. 1999;33(2):106-13.##Mosalanezhad L, Atashpoor S, Kalani N. What do medical students want to learn in the Corona Crisis Curriculum. Expressing Students' Expectations and Strategies J Educ Ethics Nurs. 2021;10(1):4-11.##Al Zahrani EM, Al Naam YA, AlRabeeah SM, Aldossary DN, Al-Jamea LH, Woodman A, et al. E-Learning experience of the medical profession’s college students during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. BMC med educ. 2021;21(1):1-11.##Salari F, Sepahi V. Challenges of Virtual Medical Sciences Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Educ Res Med Sci. 2021;10(1). doi: org/10.5812/erms.117948.##Maggio LA, Daley BJ, Pratt DD, Torre DM. Honoring thyself in the transition to online teaching. Acad Med. 2018;93(8):1129-34. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002285##Guo B, Li H. Guidance strategies for online teaching during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of the teaching practice of Xinhui Shangya School in Guangdong, China. Sci Insigt Edu Front. 2020;5(2):547-51. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3565627##Puljak L, Civljak M, Haramina A, Malisa S, Cavic D, Klinec D, et al. Attitudes and concerns of health sciences students in Croatia regarding complete switch to e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic: a survey. 2020. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-40359/v1##Zaeemzadeh N, Taherpour S, Behzadian N, Mard SA. Evaluation of physiology knowledge loss in medical students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 2019;10:157.##Shang F, Liu C-Y. Blended learning in medical physiology improves nursing students’ study efficiency. Advances in physiology education. 2018;42(4):711-7. doi: 10.1152/advan.00021.2018##Zohoor A, Eslaminejad T. Teacher's effective teaching criteria as viewed by the students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. J med Educ. 2004;4(2). doi: 10.22037/jme.v4i2.824.##Liaw ST, Gray K. Clinical Health Informatics Education for a 21 st Century World. Health Informatics: IOS Press; 2010. p. 479-91.##Einarson E, Moen A, Kolberg R, Flingtorp G, Linnerud E. Interactive eLearning-a safe place to practice. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2009;146:841-.##Casimiro L, MacDonald CJ, Thompson TL, Stodel EJ. Grounding theories of W (e) Learn: A framework for online interprofessional education. J Interprof Care. 2009;23(4):390-400.##Kasar AB, Reddy M, Wagh R, Deshmukh Y. Current Situation of Education field due to Corona Virus Disease 19. PAIDEUMA JOURNAL. 2021;14(2):44-51.##Zare H, Sarmadi M, Farajollahi M, Achak O. Studying Effect of Question Type and Questions Processing Level in Recall and Recognition Tests on Students Memory Performance. Res School Virtual Learn. 2015;2(8):89-98.##O’Doherty D, Dromey M, Lougheed J, Hannigan A, Last J, McGrath D. Barriers and solutions to online learning in medical education–an integrative review. BMC med educ. 2018;18(1):1-11.##Jeffrey LM, Milne J, Suddaby G, Higgins A. Blended learning: How teachers balance the blend of online and classroom components. J Inform Tech Educ. 2014;13.##Delshad MH, Hidarnia A, Hidarnia MA, Niknami S. Quality of satisfaction of health personnel about web-based education in order to preventive intervention for hepatitis B: USP educational intervention. Med Sci J Islamic Azad Univesity-Tehran Medical Branch. 2016;26(2):99-108.##Azin N, Ali N, Arezoo E, Alireza A. Comparison of E-learning and traditional classroom instruction of dental public health for dental students of Shahid Beheshti dental school during 2010-2011. 2012.##Gholami B, Norouzi D. Virtual Training & Satisfaction of Learning: An Experience In National Iranian Oil Company. Strategic Studies in Petroleum and energy Industry. 2017;9(33):185-212.##Henning MA, Krägeloh CU, Hawken SJ, Doherty I, Zhao Y, Shulruf B. Motivation to learn, quality of life and estimated academic achievement: medical students studying in New Zealand. Med Sci Educ. 2011;21(2):142-50.##Castro MDB, Tumibay GM. A literature review: efficacy of online learning courses for higher education institution using meta-analysis. Educ Inf Technol. 2021;26(2):1367-85.##McPartlan P, Rutherford T, Rodriguez F, Shaffer JF, Holton A. Modality motivation: Selection effects and motivational differences in students who choose to take courses online. Internet High Educ. 2021;49:100793. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2021.100793.## ##

Effect of Short-Time Exercise with Music on Performance and Post-exercise Cardiac Recovery: A Comparison Between Type 2 Diabetics and Young Adults 2 2 Introduction: High-tempo music is commonly used during exercise to enhance physical activity. Post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation, responsible for cardiac recovery, is crucial for predicting cardiac arrhythmia and overall heart health. Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of music on exercise performance in healthy individuals. However, little is known about its impact on diabetic (Type II) females and young adults. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of listening to high-tempo music during exercise on workout performance and parasympathetic reactivation in these populations. Material & Methods: We evaluated a total of 70 females, including healthy individuals (n=36) and diabetic (Type II) females (n=34). Prior to the experiment, lipid profile and cardiac risk ratio were measured in blood samples taken one week before the active sessions. Each participant underwent two separate active sessions: one session involved running without music, and the other involved running while listening to music for a duration of 6 minutes. Heart rate was measured before running and at zero, five, and ten minutes after exercise. Running distance was also recorded. Results: In healthy adults, running distance significantly increased when listening to music during exercise compared to the non-music session (P<0.0001). Additionally, heart rate was significantly higher at time zero during running with music compared to the non-music session (P<0.0001). However, heart rate recovery was superior 10 minutes after exercise in the music group compared to the non-music group in diabetic females (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Listening to high-tempo music during exercise may increase sympathetic activity and enhance exercise performance, particularly in healthy young adults. Interestingly, listening to music during exercise may accelerate parasympathetic reactivation to a greater extent in diabetic females, potentially reducing the risk of arrhythmias during the resting period without enhancing exercise performance 43 52 2023/12/142024/02/22023/12/92024/02/32024/01/31 1402/11/11 2024/04/22024/04/22024/04/72024/04/92024/04/8 1403/1/20 Maryam Bagheri Maryam Bagheri Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran maryam.bagheri@medilam.ac.ir Sajjad Salari Sajjad Salari Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran sajjad.salari@medilam.ac.ir Music Parasympathetic Nervous System heart rate diabetes mellitus type 2 Imai K, Sato H, Hori M, Kusuoka H, Ozaki H, Yokoyama H, et al. Vagally mediated heart rate recovery after exercise is accelerated in athletes but blunted in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24(6):1529-35.##Savin WM, Davidson DM, Haskell WL. Autonomic contribution to heart rate recovery from exercise in humans. J. Appl. Physiol.. 1982;53(6):1572-5.##Pecanha T, Silva-Junior ND, Forjaz CL. Heart rate recovery: autonomic determinants, methods of assessment and association with mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2014;34(5):327-39. doi:10.1111/cpf.12102.##Billman GE. Aerobic exercise conditioning: a nonpharmacological antiarrhythmic intervention. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002;92(2):446-54. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00874.2001.##Chacko KM, Bauer TA, Dale RA, Dixon JA, Schrier RW, Estacio RO. Heart rate recovery predicts mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(2):288-95. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815c4844.##Edworthy J, Waring H. The effects of music tempo and loudness level on treadmill exercise. Ergonomics. 2006;49(15):1597-610.##Arazi H, Asadi A, Purabed M. Physiological and Psychophysical Responses to Listening to Music during Warm-Up and Circuit-Type Resistance Exercise in Strength Trained Men. J Sports Med (Hindawi Publ Corp). 2015;2015:389831. doi:10.1155/2015/389831.##Schwartz SE, Fernhall B, Plowman SA. Effects of music on exercise performance. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil.. 1990;10(9):312-6.##Birnbaum L, Boone T, Huschle B. CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO MUSIC TEMPO DURING STEADY-STATE EXERCISE. J. Exerc. Physiol. Online. 2009;12(1).##Karageorghis CI, Priest D-L. Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part I). Int Rev Sport Exer P. 2012;5(1):44-66.##Bigliassi M, Silva VB, Karageorghis CI, Bird JM, Santos PC, Altimari LR. Brain mechanisms that underlie the effects of motivational audiovisual stimuli on psychophysiological responses during exercise. Physiol Behav. 2016;158:128-36.##Atkinson G, Wilson D, Eubank M. Effects of music on work-rate distribution during a cycling time trial. Int J Sports Med. 2004:611-5.##Maddigan ME, Sullivan KM, Halperin I, Basset FA, Behm DG. High tempo music prolongs high intensity exercise. PeerJ. 2019;6:e6164.##Terry PC, Karageorghis CI, Curran ML, Martin OV, Parsons-Smith RL. Effects of music in exercise and sport: A meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2020;146(2):91-117. doi:10.1037/bul0000216.##Thakare AE, Mehrotra R, Singh A. Effect of music tempo on exercise performance and heart rate among young adults. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2017;9(2):35-9.##Eseadi C, Amedu AN. Potential impact of music interventions in managing diabetic conditions. World J Clin Cases. 2023;11(13):2916.##Hutchinson JC, Karageorghis CI, Black JD. The diabeates project: Perceptual, affective and psychophysiological effects of music and music-video in a clinical exercise setting. Can J Diabetes. 2017;41(1):90-6.##Beune E, Muilwijk M, Jelsma JGM, van Valkengoed I, Teitsma-Jansen AM, Kumar B, et al. The acceptability and effect of a culturally-tailored dance intervention to promote physical activity in women of South Asian origin at risk of diabetes in the Netherlands-A mixed-methods feasibility study. PLoS One. 2022;17(2):e0264191. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264191.##Ballmann CG. The Influence of Music Preference on Exercise Responses and Performance: A Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021;6(2). doi:10.3390/jfmk6020033.##Archana R, Mukilan R. Beneficial Effect of Preferential Music on Exercise Induced Changes in Heart Rate Variability. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(5):CC09-11. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/18320.7740.##Lee AL, Dolmage TE, Rhim M, Goldstein RS, Brooks D. The Impact of Listening to Music During a High-Intensity Exercise Endurance Test in People With COPD. Chest. 2017. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.12.001.##Rane PR, Gadkari JV. The effect of slow and fast musical tempo on post-exercise recovery on recovery period in young adults. Natl. J. Physiol. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2017;7(1):22.##Wu J, Zhang L, Yang H, Lu C, Jiang L, Chen Y. The Effect of Music Tempo on Fatigue Perception at Different Exercise Intensities. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7). doi:10.3390/ijerph19073869.##Ji L, Bai J-J, Sun J, Ming Y, Chen L-R. Effect of combining music media therapy with lower extremity exercise on elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Nurs. Sci.. 2015;2(3):243-7.##Sastra L, Reni I. The effect of Indonesian traditional music on stress in type II diabetes mellitus patients. KnE Life Sciences. 2022:706–17-–17.##Gerra G, Zaimovic A, Franchini D, Palladino M, Giucastro G, Reali N, et al. Neuroendocrine responses of healthy volunteers to 'techno-music': relationships with personality traits and emotional state. Int J Psychophysiol. 1998;28(1):99-111.##Nasirinezhad F, Hosseini M, Salari S. Anti-allodynic Efficacy of NMDA Antagonist Peptide and Noradrenaline Alone and in Combination in Rodent Neuropathic Pain Model. Korean J Pain. 2015;28(2):96-104. doi:10.3344/kjp.2015.28.2.96.##Fritz TH, Bowling DL, Contier O, Grant J, Schneider L, Lederer A, et al. Musical Agency during Physical Exercise Decreases Pain. Front Psychol. 2017;8:2312. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02312.##Rao TI, Nagendra HR. The effect of active and silent music interventions on patients with type 2 diabetes measured with electron photonic imaging technique. Int J Humanit Soc Sci. 2014;3:7-14.##Bradt J, Dileo C, Myers-Coffman K, Biondo J. Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;10(10):CD006911. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006911.pub4.##Kaikkonen P, Hynynen E, Mann T, Rusko H, Nummela A. Can HRV be used to evaluate training load in constant load exercises? 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Effects of Lavandula Angustifolia Hydroalcoholic Extract on the Blood and Urine Biochemical Factors of Diabetic Patients: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial 2 2 Introduction: Diabetes mellitus remains one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and a major health concern, despite the availability of a variety of synthetic drugs for its treatment. The multiple consequences of this disease, combined with the potential side effects of chemical treatments, led to the study of other therapies, such as the use of medicinal plants renowned for a variety of active components. Given the historic usage of medicinal plants for diabetes treatment, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of lavender (Lavandula officinalis) hydroalcoholic extract on specific blood and urine biochemical factors in diabetic patients. Material & Methods: In this double-blinding clinical trial, a total of 72 diabetes patients were divided into two groups: a control group that received a placebo and a treatment group that received the lavender hydroalcoholic extract. Capsules containing the lavender extract were formulated to be administered. The placebo capsules were given to the control group, while the lavender extract capsules were given to the treatment group twice a day, once in the morning and once at night, for two months. All patients underwent blood biochemical testing and urine analysis at the beginning and end of the trial. The data collected were analyzed using the SPSS 18 software. Results: Compared to the placebo group, the mean HDL-C increased and the average levels of FBS, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG, Chol, AST, and ALT became significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the patients who received capsules containing lavender extract. Likewise, the urine protein and sugar levels in the patients who received the lavender extract group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Yet, the average changes in BMI did not differ significantly between the groups receiving lavender extract and the placebo (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The lavender plant with different phenolic and flavonoids compounds could reduce blood sugar and also improve lipid profile in people with diabetes. 53 61 2023/12/142024/02/22023/12/92024/02/32024/01/312023/10/15 1402/7/23 2024/04/22024/04/22024/04/72024/04/92024/04/82024/04/14 1403/1/26 Leila Mahmoodnia Leila Mahmoodnia Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Hajar Hospital Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Iran leilamahmoodnia@yahoo.com Zahra Forouzandeh Shahrakei Zahra Forouzandeh Shahrakei Deputy of Research and Technology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Iran forouzandehz89@yahoo.com Sanaz Hojatyar Sanaz Hojatyar Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Iran sanaz@yahoo.com Mahbubeh Setorki Mahbubeh Setorki Department of Biology, Izeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Izeh, Iran Iran Doctor.setorgi@gmail. com Diabetes Mellitus Lavandula Plant Extracts Group NDD. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. Diabetes. 1979 Dec;28(12):1039-57. doi: 10.2337/diab.28.12.1039.##Aju B, Rajalakshmi R, Mini S. Protective role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on cardiac antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Heliyon. 2019 Dec 4;5(12):e02935. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02935. eCollection 2019 Dec.##Esteghamati A, Larijani B, Aghajani MH, Ghaemi F, Kermanchi J, Shahrami A, et al. Diabetes in Iran: prospective analysis from first nationwide diabetes report of National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes (NPPCD-2016). Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 18;7(1):13461. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13379-z.##Alberti K, Zimmet P. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO Consultation. Diabet Med. 1998 Jul;15(7):539-53. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S.##Association AD. Summary of Revisions: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care 2019;42(Supplement1):S4–S6.##Rabiei Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Neuroprotective effect of pretreatment with Lavandula officinalis ethanolic extract on blood-brain barrier permeability in a rat stroke model. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014 Sep:7S1:S421-6. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60269-8.##Sebai H, Selmi S, Rtibi K, Souli A, Gharbi N, Sakly M. Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) essential oils attenuate hyperglycemia and protect against oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2013 Dec 28;12:189. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-12-189.##Prusinowska R, Śmigielski KB. Composition, biological properties and therapeutic effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L). A review. Herba Pol. 2014;60(2):56-66. doi:10.2478/hepo-2014-0010.##Gray AM, Flatt PR. Insulin-releasing and insulin-like activity of the traditional anti-diabetic plant Coriandrum sativum (coriander). Br J Nutr. 1999 Mar;81(3):203-9. doi: 10.1017/s0007114599000392.##Pushparaj PN, Tan BK, Tan CH. The mechanism of hypoglycemic action of the semi-purified fractions of Averrhoa bilimbi in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Life Sci. 2001 Dec 21;70(5):535-47. doi: 10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01423-0.##Patel D, Prasad SK, Kumar R, Hemalatha S. An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic property. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Apr;2(4):320-30. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60032-X.##Rabiei Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Mokhtari S, Shahrani M. Effect of dietary ethanolic extract of Lavandula officinalis on serum lipids profile in rats. Iran J Pharm Res. 2014;13(4):1295. PMID: 25587318.##Nasri H, Rafieian-kopaei M, Shirzad M, Rafieian M, Sahinfard N, Rafieian S. Effects of Allium sativum on liver enzymes and atherosclerotic risk factors. J Herb Med Pharmacol. 2013.##Nasri H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Oxidative stress and aging prevention. J Res Med Sci. 2015 May; 20(5): 491–502.doi: 10.4103/1735-1995.163977.##Asgary S, Sahebkar A, Afshani MR, Keshvari M, Haghjooyjavanmard S, Rafieian‐Kopaei M. Clinical evaluation of blood pressure lowering, endothelial function improving, hypolipidemic and anti‐inflammatory effects of pomegranate juice in hypertensive subjects. Phytother Res. 2014 Feb;28(2):193-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4977.##Torabzadeh P, Saffari S, Soheili F. Effects of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula officinalis) on the liver tissue and blood fat in Balb/C adult female mice. Clin Inves Arterio . 2017 Jan 1;7(2):1456-61.##Rafieian-Kopaei M, Baradaran A, Rafieian M. Oxidative stress and the paradoxical effects of antioxidants. J Res Med Sci. 2013 Jul; 18(7): 629. PMID: 24516501##Saei H, Azarmi M, Dehghan G, Zehtab Salmasi S, Zeinali S. Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Lavandula officinalis L. in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Thrita. 2016;5(2):e35306.##Al-Azzawie HF, Alhamdani M-SS. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of oleuropein in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Life Sci. 2006 Feb 16;78(12):1371-7. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.07.029. Epub 2005 Oct 19.##Azarmi M, Saei H, Zehtab Salmasi S, Dehghan G. Investigating the treatable effect of Lavandula officinalis L. Ethanolic extract in alloxan-induced male diabetic rats. Pharmacologyonline. 2016;1:53-63. doi::10.1040/15376516.2019.1567892.##Group NDD. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. Diabetes. 1979 Dec;28(12):1039-57. doi: 10.2337/diab.28.12.1039.##Aju B, Rajalakshmi R, Mini S. Protective role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on cardiac antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Heliyon. 2019 Dec 4;5(12):e02935. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02935. eCollection 2019 Dec.##Esteghamati A, Larijani B, Aghajani MH, Ghaemi F, Kermanchi J, Shahrami A, et al. Diabetes in Iran: prospective analysis from first nationwide diabetes report of National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes (NPPCD-2016). Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 18;7(1):13461. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13379-z.##Alberti K, Zimmet P. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO Consultation. Diabet Med. 1998 Jul;15(7):539-53. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S.##Association AD. Summary of Revisions: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care 2019;42(Supplement1):S4–S6.##Rabiei Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Neuroprotective effect of pretreatment with Lavandula officinalis ethanolic extract on blood-brain barrier permeability in a rat stroke model. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014 Sep:7S1:S421-6. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60269-8.##Sebai H, Selmi S, Rtibi K, Souli A, Gharbi N, Sakly M. Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) essential oils attenuate hyperglycemia and protect against oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2013 Dec 28;12:189. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-12-189.##Prusinowska R, Śmigielski KB. Composition, biological properties and therapeutic effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L). A review. Herba Pol. 2014;60(2):56-66. doi:10.2478/hepo-2014-0010.##Gray AM, Flatt PR. Insulin-releasing and insulin-like activity of the traditional anti-diabetic plant Coriandrum sativum (coriander). Br J Nutr. 1999 Mar;81(3):203-9. doi: 10.1017/s0007114599000392.##Pushparaj PN, Tan BK, Tan CH. The mechanism of hypoglycemic action of the semi-purified fractions of Averrhoa bilimbi in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Life Sci. 2001 Dec 21;70(5):535-47. doi: 10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01423-0.##Patel D, Prasad SK, Kumar R, Hemalatha S. An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic property. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Apr;2(4):320-30. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60032-X.##Rabiei Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Mokhtari S, Shahrani M. Effect of dietary ethanolic extract of Lavandula officinalis on serum lipids profile in rats. Iran J Pharm Res. 2014;13(4):1295. PMID: 25587318.##Nasri H, Rafieian-kopaei M, Shirzad M, Rafieian M, Sahinfard N, Rafieian S. Effects of Allium sativum on liver enzymes and atherosclerotic risk factors. J Herb Med Pharmacol. 2013.##Nasri H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Oxidative stress and aging prevention. J Res Med Sci. 2015 May; 20(5): 491–502.doi: 10.4103/1735-1995.163977.##Asgary S, Sahebkar A, Afshani MR, Keshvari M, Haghjooyjavanmard S, Rafieian‐Kopaei M. Clinical evaluation of blood pressure lowering, endothelial function improving, hypolipidemic and anti‐inflammatory effects of pomegranate juice in hypertensive subjects. Phytother Res. 2014 Feb;28(2):193-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4977.##Torabzadeh P, Saffari S, Soheili F. Effects of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula officinalis) on the liver tissue and blood fat in Balb/C adult female mice. Clin Inves Arterio . 2017 Jan 1;7(2):1456-61.##Rafieian-Kopaei M, Baradaran A, Rafieian M. Oxidative stress and the paradoxical effects of antioxidants. J Res Med Sci. 2013 Jul; 18(7): 629. PMID: 24516501##Saei H, Azarmi M, Dehghan G, Zehtab Salmasi S, Zeinali S. Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Lavandula officinalis L. in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Thrita. 2016;5(2):e35306.##Al-Azzawie HF, Alhamdani M-SS. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of oleuropein in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Life Sci. 2006 Feb 16;78(12):1371-7. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.07.029. Epub 2005 Oct 19.##Azarmi M, Saei H, Zehtab Salmasi S, Dehghan G. Investigating the treatable effect of Lavandula officinalis L. Ethanolic extract in alloxan-induced male diabetic rats. Pharmacologyonline. 2016;1:53-63. doi::10.1040/15376516.2019.1567892.##Group NDD. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. Diabetes. 1979 Dec;28(12):1039-57. doi: 10.2337/diab.28.12.1039.##Aju B, Rajalakshmi R, Mini S. Protective role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on cardiac antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Heliyon. 2019 Dec 4;5(12):e02935. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02935. eCollection 2019 Dec.##Esteghamati A, Larijani B, Aghajani MH, Ghaemi F, Kermanchi J, Shahrami A, et al. Diabetes in Iran: prospective analysis from first nationwide diabetes report of National Program for Prevention and Control of Diabetes (NPPCD-2016). Sci Rep. 2017 Oct 18;7(1):13461. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13379-z.##Alberti K, Zimmet P. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO Consultation. Diabet Med. 1998 Jul;15(7):539-53. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S.##Association AD. Summary of Revisions: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care 2019;42(Supplement1):S4–S6.##Rabiei Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Neuroprotective effect of pretreatment with Lavandula officinalis ethanolic extract on blood-brain barrier permeability in a rat stroke model. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2014 Sep:7S1:S421-6. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60269-8.##Sebai H, Selmi S, Rtibi K, Souli A, Gharbi N, Sakly M. Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) essential oils attenuate hyperglycemia and protect against oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2013 Dec 28;12:189. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-12-189.##Prusinowska R, Śmigielski KB. Composition, biological properties and therapeutic effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L). A review. Herba Pol. 2014;60(2):56-66. doi:10.2478/hepo-2014-0010.##Gray AM, Flatt PR. Insulin-releasing and insulin-like activity of the traditional anti-diabetic plant Coriandrum sativum (coriander). Br J Nutr. 1999 Mar;81(3):203-9. doi: 10.1017/s0007114599000392.##Pushparaj PN, Tan BK, Tan CH. The mechanism of hypoglycemic action of the semi-purified fractions of Averrhoa bilimbi in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Life Sci. 2001 Dec 21;70(5):535-47. doi: 10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01423-0.##Patel D, Prasad SK, Kumar R, Hemalatha S. An overview on antidiabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic property. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Apr;2(4):320-30. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60032-X.##Rabiei Z, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Mokhtari S, Shahrani M. Effect of dietary ethanolic extract of Lavandula officinalis on serum lipids profile in rats. Iran J Pharm Res. 2014;13(4):1295. PMID: 25587318.##Nasri H, Rafieian-kopaei M, Shirzad M, Rafieian M, Sahinfard N, Rafieian S. Effects of Allium sativum on liver enzymes and atherosclerotic risk factors. J Herb Med Pharmacol. 2013.##Nasri H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Oxidative stress and aging prevention. J Res Med Sci. 2015 May; 20(5): 491–502.doi: 10.4103/1735-1995.163977.##Asgary S, Sahebkar A, Afshani MR, Keshvari M, Haghjooyjavanmard S, Rafieian‐Kopaei M. Clinical evaluation of blood pressure lowering, endothelial function improving, hypolipidemic and anti‐inflammatory effects of pomegranate juice in hypertensive subjects. Phytother Res. 2014 Feb;28(2):193-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4977.##Torabzadeh P, Saffari S, Soheili F. Effects of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula officinalis) on the liver tissue and blood fat in Balb/C adult female mice. Clin Inves Arterio . 2017 Jan 1;7(2):1456-61.##Rafieian-Kopaei M, Baradaran A, Rafieian M. Oxidative stress and the paradoxical effects of antioxidants. J Res Med Sci. 2013 Jul; 18(7): 629. PMID: 24516501##Saei H, Azarmi M, Dehghan G, Zehtab Salmasi S, Zeinali S. Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Lavandula officinalis L. in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Thrita. 2016;5(2):e35306.##Al-Azzawie HF, Alhamdani M-SS. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of oleuropein in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Life Sci. 2006 Feb 16;78(12):1371-7. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.07.029. Epub 2005 Oct 19.##Azarmi M, Saei H, Zehtab Salmasi S, Dehghan G. Investigating the treatable effect of Lavandula officinalis L. Ethanolic extract in alloxan-induced male diabetic rats. Pharmacologyonline. 2016;1:53-63. doi::10.1040/15376516.2019.1567892.## ##

The Effect of Intravenous Alteplase on Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Clinical Trial Study in a Specialty Hospital in Ilampital in Ilam 2 2 Introduction: Strokes rank among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) on the rise in Iran. Thrombolytic drugs constitute a primary treatment for ischemic stroke. However, due to limited studies in Iran, there exists hesitation among physicians regarding their administration. This study aims to assess the efficacy of these drugs on AIS patients. Methods: In a clinical trial, 80 patients with ischemic stroke were divided into treatment and control groups. Both groups were assessed upon admission and 72 hours later using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge. The treatment group received Alteplase (0.9mg/kg), while the control group received standard care. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20. Results: The mean NIHSS ± SD scores at admission and 72 hours later in the treatment group were 10.0±3.51 and 4.55±8.75, respectively, compared to 8.53±3.52 and 7.88±9.21 in the control group, showing a significant difference in favor of the treatment group (P < 0.001). Similarly, the mean mRS± SD score in the treatment group was 1.68±1.79, significantly lower than the control group's 3.15±1.61 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Intravenous Alteplase administration proved effective in treating patients with ischemic stroke, significantly reducing neurological complications and disabilities compared to standard medical care. 62 69 2023/12/142024/02/22023/12/92024/02/32024/01/312023/10/152023/12/6 1402/9/15 2024/04/22024/04/22024/04/72024/04/92024/04/82024/04/142024/04/29 1403/2/10 Milad MohamadYari Milad MohamadYari Student research committee, Ilam university of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Aryoobarzan Rahmatian Aryoobarzan Rahmatian Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Monireh Azizi Monireh Azizi Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Khairollah Asadollahi Khairollah Asadollahi Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Cerebrovascular Disorders Stroke Tissue Plasminogen Activator Alteplase National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Ropper A, A Samuels M, P.Klein J, Prasad S. Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology 12th edition. McGraw Hill, New york, 2023, P:775.##B Katan M, Luft A. Global burden of stroke. Semin Neurol. (2018) 38:208–11. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1649503.##Brainin M, Olsen TS, Chamorro A, Diener HC, Ferro J, Hennerici MG, et al. Organization of stroke care: education, referral, emergency management and imaging, stroke units and rehabilitation. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004; 17: 1-14.##Azarpazhooh MR, Etemadi MM, Donnan GA, Mokhber N, Majdi MR, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, et al. Excessive incidence of stroke in Iran, evidence from Mashhad stroke incidence study (MSIS), A population based study of stroke in the middle east. Stroke. 2010; 41: e3-e10.##Borhani-Haghighi A, Safari R, Heydari ST, Soleimani F, Sharifian M, Yektaparast-Kashkuli S, et al. Hospital Mortality Associated with Stroke in Southern Iran. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013; 38 (4): 314-320##Araujo DV, Teich V, Passos RB, Martins SC. Analysis of the Cost-Effectiveness of Thrombolysis with Alteplase in Stroke. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010 Jul; 95(1):12-20.##Stroke Unit Trialists’ Collaboration. Organized inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Sep 11; (9): CD000197.##Jauch E, Saver J, AdamsJr H, Bruno A, Connors JJ, Demaerschalk B, et al. Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2013; 44:870-947.##Ortiz GA, L Sacco R. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). In Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online.##Chapman SN, Mehndiratta P, Johansen MC, McMurry TL, Johnston KC, Southerland AM. Current perspectives on the use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2014; 10: 75-87.##Ghandehari K. Design of a standard Iranian protocol of Intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator: A national project. Iran J Neurol. 2013; 12(2): 72–74.##Vuletic V,Basic S, Sporis D. Our preliminary experiences with intravenous thrombolysis [Poster abstract]. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2009 Oct; 285(Suppl 1): S226.##Vukasinovic NP, Jolic SZ. Intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator therapy for ischemic stroke: Nis stroke team experience November 2006 – May 2009 [Poster abstract]. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2009 Oct; 285(Suppl 1): S227.##Andrade LFP, Moraes HP, Albuquerque LC, Rodrigues NEP. Case reports over four years of intravenous thrombolytic therapy in stroke unit of the Hospital do Servidor Pu´ blico Estadual De S˜ao Paulo [poster abstract]. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2009 Oct; 285(Suppl 1): S226-S227.##Khurana D, Das B, Kumar A, Kumar AS, Khandelwal L, Lal V, et al. Temporal Trends in Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in India. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 2017 Jun; 26: 1266-1273.##Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, Kummer RV, Davalos A, Meier D, et al. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of thrombolytic therapy with intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke (ECASS II). The Lancet. 1998 Oct; 352: 1245-1251.##Sahuc-Rodrigues P, Sagui E, Wybrecht D, Veyrières JB, Gazzola S, Dagain A, et al. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute anterior ischemic stroke: Experience at the French Military Teaching Hospital in Toulon from 2003 to 2014. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2018 Mar; 174(3): 125-136.##Ghiasian M, Daneshyar S, Lotfiyar M. Assessment of One- year Prognosis in Patients with Stroke. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2019; 28 (168): 172-176 (Persian).##Turc G, Isabel C, Calvet D. Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2014 Dec; 95(12): 1129-33.##Kutluk K, Kaya D, Afsar N, Arsava EM, Ozturk V, Uzuner N, et al. Analyses of the Turkish National Intravenous Thrombolysis Registry. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016 May; 25(5): 1041-1047.##Liu CH, Lin JR, Liou CW, Lee JD, Peng TI, Lee M, et al. Causes of Death in Different Subtypes of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke. Angiology. 2018 Aug; 69(7): 582-590.##Groppa S, Zota E, Grigor V, More V. Thrombolysis in Republic of Moldova [Poster abstract]. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2009 Oct; 285(Suppl 1): S227.## ##

Correlating Serum Adropin Levels with Blood Coagulation Indices across Physical Activity Levels in Young Adults 2 2 Introduction: Evidence suggests a link between serum adropin levels and coagulation factors, with physical activity boosting adropin circulation. This study investigates the correlation between adropin and blood coagulation factors in young adults at varying activity levels. Material & Methods: Fifty healthy young adults were divided into active and inactive groups using the Baecke questionnaire. Blood samples assessed adropin and coagulation factors. Statistical tests included Mann-Whitney and independent t-tests for comparison, with Spearman's correlation coefficient determining strength. Results: Active participants exhibited significantly lower fibrinogen (p<0.05) and higher adropin levels (p<0.05) compared to inactive peers. Physical activity correlated negatively (r=-0.27, p=0.05) with fibrinogen but not with adropin and other coagulation factors. Conclusion: Elevated physical activity levels correlate with heightened serum adropin and reduced serum fibrinogen. Moreover, serum fibrinogen, a critical coagulation factor influencing blood clot formation, appears particularly sensitive to the effects of physical activity. 70 79 2023/12/142024/02/22023/12/92024/02/32024/01/312023/10/152023/12/62024/01/11 1402/10/21 2024/04/22024/04/22024/04/72024/04/92024/04/82024/04/142024/04/292024/04/22 1403/2/3 Hamid Rajabi Hamid Rajabi Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Iran hrajabi1346@gmail.com Seyed Sarmad Zahmatkeshan Seyed Sarmad Zahmatkeshan Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Iran zahmatkeshan.ss@gmail.com Azam Ahmadi Azam Ahmadi Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Iran ahmadi.azam@gmail.com Adropin Blood Coagulation Factors Exercise Gao S, Ghoshal S, Zhang L, Stevens JR, McCommis KS, Finck BN, et al. The peptide hormone adropin regulates signal transduction pathways controlling hepatic glucose metabolism in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem. 2019;294(36):13366-77. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.008967##Zhang C, Zhao L, Xu W, Li J, Wang B, Gu X, et al. Correlation of serum adropin level with coronary artery disease. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2014;94(16):1255-7.##Shamizadeh M, Zolfaghari MR, Fattahi A. Effect of eight weeks of aerobic and resistance training on adropin, spexin, and TNFα levels, as well as insulin resistance indices, in obese men with type 2 diabetes. JIUMS. 2023;31(5):70-84.##Celik A, Balin M, Kobat MA, Erdem K, Baydas A, Bulut M, et al. Deficiency of a new protein associated with cardiac syndrome X; called adropin. Cardiovasc Ther. 2013;31(3):174-8. doi: 10.1111/1755-5922.12025##Zhao LP, Xu WT, Wang L, You T, Chan SP, Zhao X, et al. Serum adropin level in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Heart Lung Circ. 2015;24(10):975-9. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.03.008.##Fujie S, Hasegawa N, Kurihara T, Sanada K, Hamaoka T, Iemitsu M. Association between aerobic exercise training effects of serum adropin level, arterial stiffness, and adiposity in obese elderly adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017;42(1):8-14. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0310##Lovren F, Pan Y, Quan A, Singh KK, Shukla PC, Gupta M, et al. Adropin is a novel regulator of endothelial function. Circulation. 2010;122(11_suppl_1):S185-S92. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.931782.##Zhang S, Chen Q, Lin X, Chen M, Liu Q. A review of adropin as the medium of dialogue between energy regulation and immune regulation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020: 1-7. doi.org/10.1155/2020/3947806.##Zhang H, Chen N. Adropin as an indicator of T2DM and its complications. Food Sci Hum Wellness. 2022;11(6):1455-63. Doi: org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.002##Soltani S, Beigrezaei S, Malekahmadi M, Clark CC, Abdollahi S. Circulating levels of adropin and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Endocr Disord. 2023;23(1):1-11. doi: 10.1186/s12902-023-01327-0.##Marczuk N, Cecerska-Heryć E, Jesionowska A, Dołęgowska B. Adropin–physiological and pathophysiological role. Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 2016;70:981-8. doi: 10.5604/17322693.1220082.##Aggarwal G, Morley JE, Vellas B, Nguyen AD, Butler AA. Low circulating adropin concentrations predict increased risk of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. Geroscience. 2024;46(1):897-911. doi: 10.1007/s11357-023-00824-3.##Fujie S, Hasegawa N, Sato K, Fujita S, Sanada K, Hamaoka T, et al. Aerobic exercise training-induced changes in serum adropin level are associated with reduced arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2015;309(10):H1642-H7. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00338.2015.##Randriamboavonjy V, Fleming I. 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MUMS. 2013;56(3):150-8. doi: org/10.22038/mjms.2013.1226.##Parlak H, Ozkan A, Sinen O, Bulbul M, Aslan MA, Agar A. Adropin increases with swimming exercise and exerts a protective effect on the brain of aged rats. Exp Gerontol. 2022;169:111972. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111972. Epub 2022 Oct 7.##Baecke JA, Burema J, Frijters JE. A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;36(5):936-42. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/36.5.936.##Burg PVD, Hospers J, Van Vliet M, Mosterd W, Bouma B, Huisveld I. Effect of endurance training and seasonal fluctuation on coagulation and fibrinolysis in young sedentary men. J Appl Physiol. 1997;82(2):613-20. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1997.82.2.613##Rezaiean Z, Torkaman G, Nadali F. Effect of physical fitness on the coagulate activity of healthy young men. Pak J Biol Sci. 2006;9(11):2032-9. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2006.2032.2039.##33. Fathei M, Mir E. The effect of 12 resistance training sessions on some coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in non-active men. JPSBS. 2015;3(5):56-66. doi: org/10.22077/jpsbs.2015.15.##Hörber S, Lehmann R, Fritsche L, Machann J, Birkenfeld AL, Häring H-U, et al. Lifestyle intervention improves prothrombotic coagulation profile in individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes. The J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(8):e3198-e207. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab124.##Indolfi C, Torella D, Coppola C, Curcio A, Rodriguez F, Bilancio A, et al. Physical training increases eNOS vascular expression and activity and reduces restenosis after balloon angioplasty or arterial stenting in rats. Circ Res. 2002;91(12):1190-7.doi: org/10.1161/01.RES.0000046233.94299.D6.##Eliasson M, Asplund K, Evrin PE. Regular leisure time physical activity predicts high activity of tissue plasminogen activator: The Northern Sweden MONICA Study. Int J Epidemiol . 1996;25(6):1182-8. doi: 10.1093/ije/25.6.1182.##Hilberg T, Eichler E, Gläser D, Prasa D, Stürzebecher J, Gabriel HH. Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis before and after exhaustive exercise in patients with IDDM. Thromb Haemost. 2003;90(12):1065-73. doi: 10.1160/TH03-05-0264.##Menzel K, Hilberg T. Coagulation and fibrinolysis are in balance after moderate exercise in middle-aged participants. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost . 2009;15(3):348-55. doi: 10.1177/1076029608326306.##Zhang H, Jiang L, Yang YJ, Ge RK, Zhou M, Hu H, et al. Aerobic exercise improves endothelial function and serum adropin levels in obese adolescents independent of body weight loss. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):17717. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18086-3.##Shrabyany S, Rajabi H, Motamedi P, Dehkhada M, Kaviani M. The Effect of Eight Weeks of Combined Exercise on Serum Adipine and Nitric Oxide Levels in High Pressure Menopausal Women. J Physiol Manag Res Sport Round. 2019;11(1):129-43.##Gomez-Marcos MA, Recio-Rodríguez JI, Patino-Alonso MC, Martinez-Vizcaino V, Martin-Borras C, de-la-Cal-Dela-Fuente A, et al. Relationship between physical activity and plasma fibrinogen concentrations in adults without chronic diseases. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e87954. doi: org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087954.##Koenig W, Ernst E. Exercise and thrombosis. Coron Artery Dis. 2000;11(2):123-7. doi: 10.1097/00019501-200003000-00006.##Vanninen E, Laitinen J, Uusitupa M. Physical activity and fibrinogen concentration in newly diagnosed NIDDM. Diabetes care. 1994;17(9):1031-8. doi: 10.2337/diacare.17.9.1031.##Ponjee G, Janssen G, Van Wersch J. Prolonged endurance exercise and blood coagulation: a 9 month prospective study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 1993;4(1):21-5.##Bodary PF, Yasuda N, Watson DD, Brown AS, Davis JM, Pate RR. Effects of short-term exercise training on plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(11):1853-8. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000093751.82616.F0.##Ahmadizad S, El-Sayed MS, MacLaren DP. Effects of water intake on the responses of haemorheological variables to resistance exercise. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2006;35(1-2):317-27.## ##