Causative Uropathogenic Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Diabetic Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Ilam, Western of Iran 2 2 Introduction: In fact, individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are highly susceptible to developing urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to evaluate the etiologic agents of UTIs and their patterns of antimicrobial resistance among diabetic patients with UTIs in Ilam, western Iran. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2020 to December 2023 in Ilam, in western Iran. A total of 3,362 patients with DM and UTI were evaluated for common uropathogens. Bacterial identification was performed using colony morphology, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16.0. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to assess the association between the variables (p-value <0.05 as significant). Results: Among the diabetic samples, 0.8% (27/3,362) were positive for uropathogens, with a higher prevalence in females (77.8%) than in males (22.2%) (p-value = 0.03). All positive cases were older than 44 years (p-value = 0.02). Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) were more common (70.3%) than gram-positive bacteria (GPB) (29.7%) (p-value = 0.001). Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (63%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (25.9%), Citrobacter spp. (3.7%), Klebsiella spp. (3.7%), and coagulase-positive staphylococci (3.7%). Cefazolin and cephalexin showed the highest efficacy against GNB (both 10.5% resistance), whereas norfloxacin (63.2%), ampicillin (57.9%), and nalidixic acid (52.6%) exhibited higher resistance rates. Among GPB, co-trimoxazole, gentamycin, cefazolin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were more effective (100% sensitive), whereas oxacillin (37.5%) showed poor efficacy. Conclusion: This study highlights the prevalence and resistance patterns of uropathogens in diabetic patients with UTIs, emphasizing the need for targeted antibiotic therapy and continuous monitoring. 1 9 2024/02/3 1402/11/14 2025/03/10 1403/12/20 Saeed Hemati Saeed Hemati Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran saeedhemati0064@gmail.com Maryam Kheiry Maryam Kheiry Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran m.kheri@yahoo.com Farajolah Maleki Farajolah Maleki Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Fmaleki531@gmail.com Urinary Tract Infections Drug Resistance Diabetes References##Sewify M, Nair S, Warsame S, Murad M, Alhubail A, Behbehani K, et al. 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The Increase in Thickness of Maxillary Sinus Mucosa and Its Relationship with Odontogenic Factors in Panoramic Images of Patients 2 2 Introduction: Odontogenic infections are one of the common causes of maxillary sinusitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the increase in maxillary sinus thickness and its relationship with odontogenic factors in panoramic images. Materials & Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study examined 1246 sinuses. The images recorded odontogenic factors such as periapical lesions, dental caries, root canal treatment, periodontal lesions, and implants. Their relationship with the increase in the thickness of maxillary sinus mucosa was evaluated. The data was analyzed with SPSS16 statistical software and chi-square, as well as the significance level (P < 0.05). Results: Among the examined panoramic images, 468 showed an increase in the thickness of the sinus mucous membrane. There was a significant relationship between dental caries, periapical lesions, root canal treatment, and periodontal diseases with an increase in the thickness of the sinus mucosa (P = 0.001). There was no significant relationship between the presence of the implant and the increase in maxillary sinus mucosa thickness (P=0.057). Conclusion: The results of this study significantly correlate the increased thickness of the maxillary sinus mucosa with odontogenic and inflammatory lesions. 10 16 2024/02/32024/05/5 1403/2/16 2025/03/102024/11/16 1403/8/26 Fariba Abdal Fariba Abdal Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran dr.faribaabdal@yahoo.com Masumeh Mohammadzadeh Masumeh Mohammadzadeh Undergraduate student, Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Fahime Feili Fahime Feili Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Atefeh Sheikhi Atefeh Sheikhi Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Negin Neshanifard Negin Neshanifard Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran Maxillary Sinus Panoramic Images Odontogenic Periapical Borgonovo, A.E.; Cicciù, M.; Re, D.; Rizza, F.; Frigo, A.C.; Maiorana, C. Maxillary sinus septa and anatomic correlation with the Schneiderian membrane. J. Craniofac. Surg. 2015; 26: 1394–1398. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000001725.##Guo, Z.Z., Liu,Y., Qin,L, et al. .Longitudinal response of membrane thickness and ostium patency following sinus ﬂoor elevation: A prospective cohort study. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 2016; 27: 724–729. doi: 10.1111/clr.12655.##Kim JH, Min EJ, Ko Y, Kim DH, Park JB. Change in Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Thickness in Patients with Preoperative Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Thickening as Assessed by Otolaryngologists: A Retrospective Study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 . 30;59(10):1750. doi: 10.3390/medicina59101750. PMID: 37893468; PMCID: PMC10608619.##Goller-Bulut, D.; Sekerci, A.E.; Köse, et al. Cone beam computed tomographic analysis of maxillary premolars and molars to detect the relationship between periapical and marginal bone loss and mucosal thickness of maxillary sinus. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal 2015; 20:572–579. doi: 10.4317/medoral.20587.##Capelli, M.; Gatti, P. Radiological study of maxillary sinus using CBCT: A relationship between mucosal thickening and common anatomic variants in chronic rhinosinusitis. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2016;10: 7–10. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/22365.8931.##Alghofaily, M.; Alsufyani, N.; Althumairy, R.I.; AlSuhaibani, A.; Alfawzan, F.; AlSadhan, L. Odontogenic Factors Associated with Maxillary Sinus Schneiderian Membrane Thickness and their Relationship to Chronic Sinonasal Symptoms: An Ambispective Cohort Study. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2710.##Kocak, N., E. Alpoz, and H. Boyacioglu. "Evaluation of the Effect of Apical Lesion on Mucosal Thickening and Thickness of Apical Bone Using Limited Cone‑Beam Computed Tomography." Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2018; 16(3): 954-959. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_307_17.##Little RE, Long CM, Loehrl TA,et al. Odontogenic sinusitis: a review of the current literature. 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Alpoz, and H. Boyacioglu. "Evaluation of the Effect of Apical Lesion on Mucosal Thickening and Thickness of Apical Bone Using Limited Cone‑Beam Computed Tomography." Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2018 : 954-959. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_307_17.## ##

A Brief Review of Cancer Treatment and DNA Damage Using Auger Effect or Low-Energy Electrons 2 2 Introduction: Despite advances in cancer therapy, many treatments result in significant side effects and inconsistent remission. This review was aimed at exploring the potential of Auger electrons (AEs) as a novel, highly localized approach to cancer treatment. Materials & Methods: Relevant studies were reviewed to examine the mechanism of action of AEs emitted from radioisotopes, their DNA-damaging effects, and their selective activity in cancer cells. The analysis also included recent developments in cancer cell detection based on surface charges, radionuclide delivery systems, and the role of proton tunneling and low-energy electrons in DNA disruption. Results: Auger electrons, characterized by low energy and high linear energy transfer (LET), induce lethal DNA damage with minimal impact on surrounding healthy tissue. They act through direct DNA interaction or indirectly via water ionization. Detection methods based on cell surface charge properties showed promise in improving cancer cell targeting. Additionally, advancements in radionuclide carriers enhanced delivery precision. Insights into proton tunneling supported the biological relevance of low-energy electrons in therapeutic applications. Conclusion: Auger electron therapy offers a promising, targeted strategy for cancer treatment with reduced collateral damage. 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Investigating the Incidence of Gastric Cancer and Its Relationship with Geographical Factors in Lorestan Province During 2013 – 2016 2 2 Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in Iran. This study aimed to determine the incidence of gastric cancer and its relationship with geographical factors in Lorestan province between 2013-2016. Materials & Methods: All data related to gastric cancer was collected from the comprehensive cancer registration system and national population census data in Lorestan Province. To investigate the general characteristics, descriptive tables and graphs were used. Pearson correlation and linear regression model were used to evaluate the relationship between the incidence of stomach cancer and geographical factors and Arc Gis.ver10.8 software was used to compare the incidence rate of cancer. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant in the SPSS V.18. Results: Totally 907 patients with gastric cancer were registered during 2013-2016, of which 68.7% were men, 82.4% were from urban areas, and 17.6% from the rural areas. Mean (standard deviation) of the age of patients was 66 (15) years. The cumulative incidence rate of gastric cancer in Lorestan province was 51.5 per 100,000 populations. The annual incidence rate varied between 9.1 and 18 per 100,000 populations. The relationship between incidence of gastric cancer and geographical factors was insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The cumulative incidence rate of gastric cancer in Lorestan province was 51.5 per 100,000 that relatively is high in Iran. There was no significant relationship between the incidence of gastric cancer and geographical factors. 30 42 2024/02/32024/05/52024/09/12024/09/14 1403/6/24 2025/03/102024/11/162025/02/52025/01/1 1403/10/12 Mohammad Bagher Moradi Mahaki Mohammad Bagher Moradi Mahaki Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran m.mahaki56@gmail.com Koroush SayehMiri Koroush SayehMiri Department of Statistics, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Heshmatollah Noormoradi Heshmatollah Noormoradi Health and Environment Research Center, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Ghobad Abangah Ghobad Abangah Internal Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Khairollah Asadollahi Khairollah Asadollahi Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iran Incidence Stomach Neoplasm Geographic Mapping Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2018;68(6):394-424.##Aminzadeh A, Ramzanpoor M, Molaarazi A, Ghasemi Kebria F, Roshandel G. Relationship between rainfall and temperature with the incidence of cancer in Golestan Province, northern Iran. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2017;19(3):80-5.##Rustaki S, Jafari Kushki T, Mahaki B, Bashiri Y. The Study of Relative Incidence Risk of Esophageal Cancer in Iranian Counties by the Use of the Bayesian Space-Time Multilevel Model. 2. 2016;11(4):769-74.##Kim SR, Kim K, Lee SA, Kwon SO, Lee JK, Keum N, et al. Effect of Red, Processed, and White Meat Consumption on the Risk of Gastric Cancer: An Overall and Dose⁻Response Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2019;11(4).##Fararouei M, Aliakbarpoor M, Tabatabai H, Parisai Z, Mari Oriad H, Jamshidi A. Spatial distribution of cancer in Kohgilooyeh and Boyerahmad province. Armaghane danesh. 2016;20(11):1036-48.##Hesami R, Entezar Mahdi R, Khalkhali HR, Asnaashari O. Five-Year Survival Rate in Gastric Cancer Patients and Its Related Factors in West Azerbijan Province, Iran During the Period 2011-2013. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2019;17(1):95-109.##Saberi M, Minuchehr Z, Shahlaei M, Kheitan S. An in silico method to identify key proteins involved in the development of gastric cancer. Research in Medicine. 2017;41(3):199-209.##Reshadat S, Saeidi S, Zangeneh A, Ziapour A, Saeidi F, Choobtashani M. A comparative study of spatial distribution of gastrointestinal cancers in poverty and affluent strata (Kermanshah Metropolis, Iran). Journal of gastrointestinal cancer. 2019;50(4):838-47.##Enayatrad M, Salehiniya H. Trends in gastric cancer incidence in Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014;24(114):8-16.##Moradian F, Fararouei M, Karami M, Ghelichi‑Ghojogh M, Gheibi Z, Nikeghbalian Z, et al. Trend of geographical distribution of stomach cancer in Iran from 2004 to 2014. BMC Gastroenterology, 2022; 22(4): 2-8##Cancer research UK, TNM staging for stomach cancer,##https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/stomach-cancer/stages/tnm-staging; access date 30.11.2024##Solimany A, Khoramdad M, Khademi N, Delpisheh A. Spatio-Temporal Study of Gastric Cancer Incidence in Kermanshah Province, Iran During the Years 2009-2014. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19(10):2871-6.##MOULAEI N, Yazdanpanah K, Reshadmanesh N, Rahimi E. Epidemiology of Gastric and Oesophagial Cancers In Kurdistan Province In 1999. 2000.##Kalbasi M, Siadati S, Kamali Ahangar S, Nikbakhsh N. Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Multifocal Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Journal of Babol University Of Medical Sciences. 2019;21(1):147-52.##Rahimi F, Heidari M. Time trend analysis of stomach cancer incidence in the west of Iran. Health and Development Journal. 2020;1(2):100.##Somi MH, Rezaeifar P, Naghashi S. The Incidence of Esophageal, Gastric and Colorectal Cancers in East Azerbaijan Province. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2009;31(3):45-8.##Haidari M, Nikbakht MR, Pasdar Y, Najafi F. Trend analysis of gastric cancer incidence in Iran and its six geographical areas during 2000-2005. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2012;13(7):3335-41.##Eivani M, Ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi V, Atefi M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and ways of reductions in food products. Iranian journal of nutrition sciences & food technology. 2013;7 (5).##Matos E, Brandani A. Review on meat consumption and cancer in South America. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 2002;506:243-9.##Subedi R, Budukh A, Chapagain S, Gyanwali P, Gyawali B, Khadka K, et al. Differences in cancer incidence and pattern between urban and rural Nepal: one-year experience from two population-based cancer registries. Ecancermedicalscience. 2021;15:1229.##Machlowska J, Baj J, Sitarz M, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Gastric Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification, Genomic Characteristics and Treatment Strategies. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(11).##Song HN, Go SI, Lee WS, Kim Y, Choi HJ, Lee US, et al. Population-Based Regional Cancer Incidence in Korea: Comparison between Urban and Rural Areas. Cancer research and treatment. 2016;48(2):789-97.##Cattelan L, Ghazawi FM, Le M, Lagacé F, Rahme E, Zubarev A, et al. Geographic and Socioeconomic Disparity of Gastric Cancer Patients in Canada. Current oncology (Toronto, Ont). 2021;28(3):2052-64.##Neuhausen SL. Ethnic differences in cancer risk resulting from genetic variation. 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Trend analysis of gastrointestinal cancer incidences in Guilan province: comparing rates over 15 years. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2013;14(12):7587-93.##IRAVANI S. GASTRIC CANCER AS A MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASE. ANNALS OF MILITARY AND HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH. 2013;11(2 (SERIAL NUMBER 42)):-.##Lotfi F. The Relationship of Socio-Economic Factors and the Incidence of Gastric Cancer Using Artificial Neural Networks Model in Iranian Men. scientific journal of ilam university of medical sciences. 2015;23(4):264-78.##Mahmoodi SA, Mirzaei K, Mahmoodi SM. Using association rules for the detection of risk factors in gastric cancer. Journal of Health and Biomedical Informatics. 2015;1(2):95-103.##RAMEZANI GOURABI B, HANIFI A. RECOGNITION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFUSION OF STOMACH CANCER IN GILAN PROVINCE. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2011;13 (2(49)):81-94##Chong YJ, Khan A, Scheelbeek P, Butler A, Bowers D, Vineis P. Climate change and salinity in drinking water as a global problem: using remote-sensing methods to monitor surface water salinity. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2014;35(4):1585-99.##Xiong W, Hao Y, Han L, Wang M, He J. Associations between birth season and the anatomic subsites of gastric cancer in Beijing, China. Chronobiology International. 2020;37(11):1636-43.##Najafi E, Khanjani N, Ghotbi MR, Nejad MEM. The association of gastrointestinal cancers (esophagus, stomach, and colon) with solar ultraviolet radiation in Iran—an ecological study. Environmental monitoring and assessment. 2019;191(3):152.##Grant WB, Garland CF. The association of solar ultraviolet B (UVB) with reducing risk of cancer: multifactorial ecologic analysis of geographic variation in age-adjusted cancer mortality rates. Anticancer research. 2006;26(4A):2687-99.##Grant WB. An ecologic study of cancer mortality rates in Spain with respect to indices of solar UVB irradiance and smoking. 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Comparison of the Effect of 2% Finasteride Topical Solution Versus 5% Minoxidil Topical Solution in the Treatment of Androgenic Alopecia in Men: A Quasi-Experimental Study 2 2 Introduction: About 50% of men experience different types of hair loss by the age of 50. To treat this problem, based on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 2% topical finasteride solution versus 5% topical minoxidil solution in the treatment of androgenic alopecia in men. Materials & Methods: The study was quasi-experimental and was conducted on 194 men with the initial complaint of hair loss in the dermatology clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Ardabil during September 2020 and June 2021, who were randomly divided into two equal groups by the random block method. Data were collected by a checklist and then analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods in SPSS V.21. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: In the minoxidil and finasteride group, the pull test was negative in 17.7% and 24.5% of patients during the first month, respectively. In 2-3% of patients in the minoxidil group, tension headache and scalp irritation were reported, but no such side effects were found in the finasteride group. In general, reduction of hair loss and hair regrowth during six months of continuous use of the drug was observed in 65.6% of patients in the minoxidil group and 85.4% of patients in the finasteride group. Conclusion: Topical solutions of finasteride and minoxidil were effective and safe in the treatment of mild to severe androgenetic alopecia in men. 43 51 2024/02/32024/05/52024/09/12024/09/142024/11/20 1403/8/30 2025/03/102024/11/162025/02/52025/01/12025/02/15 1403/11/27 Majid Rostami-Mogaddam Majid Rostami-Mogaddam Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Iran rostamimajid665@gmail.com Leyla Rezaei Leyla Rezaei Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Iran l.rezayi@gmail.com Afrouz Mardi Afrouz Mardi Department of public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Iran a.mardi@gmail.com Amir Sadrinia Amir Sadrinia School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Iran Alopecia Finasteride Minoxidil Men Danyal M, Shah S. I. A, Hassan M. S. U, Qureshi W. Impact of androgenetic alopecia on the psychological health of young men. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences.2018; 12(1) :406–410.##Gupta AK, Talukder M. Topical finasteride for male and female pattern hair loss: Is it a safe and effective alternative? J Cosmet Dermatol. 2022 May;21(5):1841-1848. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14895. Epub 2022 Mar 14. PMID: 35238144.##York K, Meah N, Bhoyrul B, Sinclair R. A review of the treatment of male pattern hair loss. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2020;21(5):603–612. doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1721463##Lee SW, Juhasz M, Mobasher P, Ekelem C, Mesinkovska NA. A Systematic Review of Topical Finasteride in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men and Women. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(4):457-463. PMID: 29601622; PMCID: PMC6609098.##Nestor MS, Ablon G, Gade A, Han H, Fischer DL. Treatment options for androgenetic alopecia: Efficacy, side effects, compliance, financial considerations, and ethics. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Dec;20(12):3759-3781. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14537. Epub 2021 Nov 6. PMID: 34741573; PMCID: PMC9298335.##Lee SW, Juhasz M, Mobasher P, Ekelem C, Mesinkovska NA. A Systematic Review of Topical Finasteride in the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in Men and Women. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(4):457-463. PMID: 29601622; PMCID: PMC6609098.##Hajheydari Z, Akbari J, Saeedi M, Shokoohi L. Comparing the therapeutic effects of Finasteride gel and tablet in treatment of the androgenetic alopecia. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2009;75(1):47-51. doi: 10.4103/0378-6323.45220. PMID: 19172031.8.##Caserini M, Radicioni M, Leuratti C, Annoni O, Palmieri R. A novel Finasteride 0.25% topical solution for androgenetic alopecia: pharmacokinetics and effects on plasma androgen levels in healthy male volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014;52(10):842-9. doi: 10.5414/CP202119. PMID: 25074865.##Nestor MS, Ablon G, Gade A, Han H, Fischer DL. Treatment options for androgenetic alopecia: Efficacy, side effects, compliance, financial considerations, and ethics. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Dec;20(12):3759-3781. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14537. Epub 2021 Nov 6. PMID: 34741573; PMCID: PMC9298335.##Suchonwanit P, Srisuwanwattana P, Chalermroj N, Khunkhet S. A randomized, double-blind controlled study of the efficacy and safety of topical solution of 0.25% finasteride admixed with 3% minoxidil vs. 3% minoxidil solution in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(12):2257-2263.##Suchonwanit P, Srisuwanwattana P, Chalermroj N, Khunkhet S. A randomized, double-blind controlled study of the efficacy and safety of topical solution of 0.25% Finasteride admixed with 3% Minoxidil vs. 3% Minoxidil solution in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(12):2257-2263. doi: 10.1111/jdv.15171. Epub 2018 Jul 20. PMID: 29972712.##Chandrashekar BS, Nandhini T, Vasanth V, Sriram R, Navale S. Topical Minoxidil fortified with Finasteride: An account of maintenance of hair density after replacing oral Finasteride. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2015;6(1):17-20. doi: 10.4103/2229-5178.148925. PMID: 25657911; PMCID: PMC4314881.## ##

Morphological Status of Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) in Patients in West of Iran 2 2 Introduction: The cervical spine, endowed with significant mobility due to two specialized vertebrae connected to the skull, can suffer from unnatural positioning, leading to asymmetry and injuries. This study was conducted to examine the morphological status of cervical vertebrae (C3-C7) in a clinical population. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 450 patients with neck trauma between December 2018 and August 2019 at Taleghani Hospital, a tertiary referral center in Kermanshah, Iran. Demographic data, including age, gender, height, and BMI, were collected. Morphological measurements were obtained from CT scans, complemented by MRI in selected cases. Parameters included vertebral body dimensions, foramina size, and facet lengths. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v22. Quantitative variables were assessed with t-tests and ANOVA. A significance level of P<0.05 was considered. Results: Significant differences were found in the dimensions of vertebrae C3–C7 among demographic subgroups (P<0.01). Vertebral body width, length, height, and foramina dimensions were generally larger in males, patients over 60 years old, individuals taller than 180 cm, and those with higher BMI values. Conclusion: The study concludes that the vertebral body dimensions at levels C3–C7 are significantly larger in males, individuals over 60 years of age, those taller than 180 cm, and those with higher BMI values. 52 63 2024/02/32024/05/52024/09/12024/09/142024/11/202023/12/12 1402/9/21 2025/03/102024/11/162025/02/52025/01/12025/02/152025/01/9 1403/10/20 Bita Shokri Bita Shokri Research expert at the Health Insurance Research Center of Kermanshah ProvinceResearch assistant of Taleghani Hospital Research Center Iran bita.shokri19921371@gmail.com Iran Chanideh Iran Chanideh Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Iran Iran.chanideh24@gmail.com Ali Salimi Ali Salimi Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Iran Asalimi07@gmail.com Mohammad Reza Akrami Mohammad Reza Akrami Psychiatry Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Iran mmdakrami@yahoo.com Cervical Vertebrae Spine Patients Hussain O, Kaushal M, Agarwal N, Kurpad S, Shabani S. The role of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in spinal cord injury. Life (Basel). 2023;13(8):1223. doi: 10.3390/life13081223.##Waxenbaum JA, Reddy V, Williams C, Futterman B. Anatomy of the lumbar vertebrae: a comprehensive overview. Clin Anat. 2017;30(5):703-10. doi: 10.1002/ca.22963.##Masharawi Y, Mansour AM, Peled N, Weisman A. Comparative shape analysis of the cervical spine between individuals with cervicogenic headaches and asymptomatic controls. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):19413. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97812-4.##Karaikovic EE, Daubs MD, Madsen RW, Gaines RW Jr. Morphologic characteristics of human cervical pedicles. Spine. 1997;22(5):493-500. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199703010-00008.##Galbusera F, Bassani T. The spine: a strong, stable, and flexible structure with biomimetic potential. Biomimetics. 2019;4(3):60. doi: 10.3390/biomimetics4030060.##Herzog RJ, Wiens JJ, Dillingham MF, Sontag MJ. Normal cervical spine morphometry and cervical spinal stenosis in asymptomatic professional football players: plain film radiography, multiplanar computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Spine. 1991;16(6S):S178–S86. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199106001-00016##Jung B, Black AC, Bhutta BS. Anatomy of the head and neck, including neck movements. In: StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: StatPearls.##Humphreys SC, Hodges SD, Patwardhan A, Eck JC, Covington LA, Sartori M. The natural history of the cervical foramen in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals aged 20–60 years as measured by magnetic resonance imaging: a descriptive approach. Spine. 1998;23(20):2180-4. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199810150-00013.##Mesregah MK, Repajic M, Mgbam P, Fresquez Z, Wang JC, Buser Z. Trends and patterns of cervical degenerative disc disease: an analysis of magnetic resonance imaging of 1300 symptomatic patients. Eur Spine J. 2022;31(10):2675-83. doi: 10.1007/s00586-022-07102-w.##White A. Clinical biomechanics of the spine. Clin Biomech Spine. 1990. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570291225216893568##White A. Clinical biomechanics of the spine. Clin Biomech Spine. 1990. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570291225216893568##Penning L. Differences in anatomy, motion, development, and aging of the upper and lower cervical disk segments. Clin Biomech. 1988;3(1):37-47. doi: 10.1016/0268-0033(88)90009-7.##Segar AH, Baroncini A, Urban JP, Fairbank J, Judge A, McCall I. Obesity increases the odds of intervertebral disc herniation and spinal stenosis: an MRI study of 1634 low back pain patients. Eur Spine J. 2024;33(3):915-23. doi: 10.1007/s00586-023-07191-6.##Bahadorimonfared A, Soori H, Mehrabi Y, Delpisheh A, Esmaili A, Salehi M, et al. Trends of fatal road traffic injuries in Iran (2004–2011). PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e65198. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065198.##Moradi-Lakeh M, Rasouli MR, Vaccaro AR, Saadat S, Zarei MR, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Burden of traumatic spine fractures in Tehran, Iran: a population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:1-7. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-37.##Asadi P, Asadi K, Monsef-Kasmaei V, Zohrevandi B, Kazemnejad-Leili E, Kouchakinejad Eramsadati L, et al. Evaluation of the frequency of cervical spine injuries in patients with blunt trauma: a comprehensive study from a trauma center. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2015;23:10-7.##Aydoğmuş E, Çavdar S. Morphometric study of the cervical spinal canal content and the vertebral artery: implications for surgical interventions. Int J Spine Surg. 2020;14(4):455-61. doi: 10.14444/7070.##Ezra D, Masharawi Y, Salame K, Slon V, Alperovitch-Najenson D, Hershkovitz I. Demographic aspects in cervical vertebral bodies' size and shape (C3–C7): a skeletal study. 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The Effect of 12 Weeks of Intermittent Resistance Training with Algomed Supplementation on Plasma Levels of Fetuin A and Fetuin B in Men with Obesity 2 2 Introduction: Fetuin A and B are hepatokines linked to obesity and metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of intermittent resistance training combined with Algomed (Chlorella vulgaris) supplementation on plasma levels of fetuin A and B in obese men. Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study included 44 obese men (BMI > 30), aged 23–32 years, randomly assigned to four groups (n = 11 each): control, resistance training, Algomed supplementation, and resistance training + Algomed. The training protocol was performed three times per week for 12 weeks. The supplement groups received 1800 mg/day of Algomed. Plasma levels of fetuin A and B were measured by ELISA before and after the intervention. Baseline differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA. Within-group changes were analyzed using paired t-tests, and between-group comparisons of post-test values were conducted using ANCOVA with initial values as covariates. Bonferroni post hoc tests were applied where appropriate (p < 0.05). Results: ANCOVA results showed significant differences in post-test levels of both fetuin A and fetuin B between the groups (p < 0.0001). Post hoc analysis indicated that the training + Algomed group had significantly lower fetuin-A levels compared to the control group. Furthermore, fetuin-B levels were significantly reduced in all intervention groups compared to the control, with the greatest reduction observed in the training + Algomed group compared to all other groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Twelve weeks of intermittent resistance training combined with Algomed supplementation had a synergistic effect in reducing plasma levels of fetuin A and B in obese men. These findings suggest potential metabolic benefits for this combined intervention strategy. 64 74 2024/02/32024/05/52024/09/12024/09/142024/11/202023/12/122024/04/13 1403/1/25 2025/03/102024/11/162025/02/52025/01/12025/02/152025/01/92024/07/14 1403/4/24 Mohammad Mahdi Madani Mohammad Mahdi Madani Department of professional Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran Gholamiman@yahoo.com Hossein Abednatanzi Hossein Abednatanzi Department of professional Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran abednazari@gmail.com Mandana Gholami Mandana Gholami Department of professional Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran Farshad Ghazalian Farshad Ghazalian Department of professional Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran Resistance Training Plasma Men Obesity Karaderi T, Drong AW, Lindgren CM. 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The decline in muscle strength and muscle quality in relation to metabolic derangements in adult women with obesity. Clinical Nutrition. 2019. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.01.028##Pacifico L, Perla FM, Chiesa C. Sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a causal relationship. Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition. 2019;8(2):144. doi:10.21037/hbsn.2018.11.11##Flisiak-Jackiewicz M, Bobrus-Chociej A, Wasilewska N, Tarasow E, Wojtkowska M, Lebensztejn DM. Can hepatokines be regarded as novel non-invasive serum biomarkers of intrahepatic lipid content in obese children? Advances in medical sciences. 2019;64(2):280-4. doi:10.1016/j.advms.2019.02.005##Lebensztejn DM, Flisiak-Jackiewicz M, Białokoz-Kalinowska I, Bobrus-Chociej A, Kowalska I. Hepatokines and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Biochimica Polonica. 2016;63(3):459-67.doi:10.18388/abp.2015_1252##Meex RC, Hoy AJ, Morris A, Brown RD, Lo JC, Burke M, et al. Fetuin B is a secreted hepatocyte factor linking steatosis to impaired glucose metabolism. Cell metabolism. 2015;22(6):1078-89.doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.023##Yoo HJ, Choi KM. Hepatokines as a link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes Metab J; dmj. 2015;39(1):10-5. doi:10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.10##Meex RC, Watt MJ. Hepatokines: linking nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2017;13(9):509-20.##Sun Q, Cornelis MC, Manson JE, Hu FB. Plasma levels of fetuin-A and hepatic enzymes and risk of type 2 diabetes in women in the US. Diabetes. 2013;62(1):49-55. doi:10.2337/db12-0372##Dabrowska AM, Tarach JS, Wojtysiak-Duma B, Duma D. Fetuin-A (AHSG) and its usefulness in clinical practice. Review of the literature. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015;159(3):352-9.##Laughlin GA, Cummins KM, Wassel CL, Daniels LB, Ix JH. 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Work adjustment in patients with Marfan syndrome: A case report 2 2 Introduction: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a connective tissue disorder with multisystem involvement, including cardiovascular and ocular complications, which can impact a patient’s work capacity. While MFS may necessitate certain job restrictions, complete exclusion from professional roles may not be justified. Adjustments and careful planning can enable individuals with MFS to maintain meaningful employment within safe parameters. Case Report: This case examines a 29-year-old male patient diagnosed with MFS, presenting with ocular issues and significant cardiovascular involvement, including aortic insufficiency and a history of valve replacement. Given his condition, ongoing anticoagulant therapy with warfarin is required, alongside annual cardiac assessments. Employment restrictions recommended for this patient include avoiding heavy manual labor, working at heights, operating hazardous tools, confined workspaces, and solitary work environments. Additionally, prescription glasses are mandatory to address his ocular complications, with regular follow-up by an ophthalmologist. Following a sleep study, no limitations were indicated for night shift work, permitting him flexibility in shift scheduling. Conclusion: This case highlights that while patients with MFS can remain active in professional roles, individualized work modifications are essential. Work-related precautions, especially concerning physically demanding tasks and hazardous environments, should align with the patient’s medical condition and treatment. Personalized occupational health assessments can enhance safety and facilitate work participation for individuals with MFS. 75 82 2024/02/32024/05/52024/09/12024/09/142024/11/202023/12/122024/04/132024/08/25 1403/6/4 2025/03/102024/11/162025/02/52025/01/12025/02/152025/01/92024/07/142024/10/23 1403/8/2 Negin Kassiri Negin Kassiri Occupational Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran neginkassiri@gmail.com Leila Khedmati Hampa Leila Khedmati Hampa Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran leyla.hampa2019@gmail.com Siamak Saber Siamak Saber Bion Medical Genetic Laboratory, Muscat, Oman Oman drsiamaksaber@gmail.com Sepideh Lamei Haghighat Sepideh Lamei Haghighat Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran sepideh.lamei@gmail.com Somaye Nejabat Ghamsari Somaye Nejabat Ghamsari Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran somaye.nejabat1992@gmail.com Marfan Syndrome Occupational Health Occupational Diseases 1. Tsang AK, Taverne A, Holcombe T. Marfan syndrome: a review of the literature and case report. Special Care in Dentistry. 2013 Sep;33(5):248-54. DOI: 10.1111/scd.12018##2. Milewicz, D.M., Braverman, A.C., De Backer, J. et al. Marfan syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 7, 64 (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00298-7##3. Peng Q, Deng Y, Yang Y, Liu H. A novel fibrillin-1 gene missense mutation associated with neonatal Marfan syndrome: a case report and review of the mutation spectrum. BMC pediatrics. 2016 Dec;16:1-6. DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0598-6##4. Wang JJ, Yu B, Sun Y, Song X, Wang DW, Li Z. FBN1 Splice-Altering Mutations in Marfan Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. Genes. 2022 Oct 12;13(10):1842. DOI: 10.3390/genes13101842##5. Goldfinger JZ, Preiss LR, Devereux RB, et al. Marfan syndrome and quality of life in the GenTAC registry. Journal of the American college of Cardiology. 2017 Jun 13;69(23):2821-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.026##6. Groth KA, Stochholm K, Hove H, Andersen NH, Gravholt CH. Causes of mortality in the Marfan syndrome (from a Nationwide Register Study). The American journal of cardiology. 2018 Oct 1;122(7):1231-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.06.034##7. Handisides JC, Hollenbeck-Pringle D, Uzark K, et al. Health-related quality of life in children and young adults with Marfan syndrome. The Journal of pediatrics. 2019 Jan 1;204:250-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.061##8. Hobson J, Smedley J, editors. Fitness for Work: The Medical Aspects. Oxford University Press, USA; 2019 Feb 21.##9. Kjeldsen S, Andersen N, Groth K, et al. Ocular morbidity in Marfan syndrome: A nationwide epidemiological study. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2023 Aug 1;107(8):1051-5. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-320871##10. Jouini S, Milleron O, Eliahou L, Jondeau G, Vitiello D. Is physical activity a future therapy for patients with Marfan syndrome? Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2022 Feb 10;17(1):46. DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02198-9##11. Jensen TL, Tran P, Kjaer M. Marfan syndrome and exercise: a literature review. Translational Sports Medicine. 2020 Nov;3(6):526-35. DOI:10.1002/tsm2.185## ##