Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
J Basic Res Med Sci
Volume 13, Issue 2 (4-2026)
jbrms 2026, 13(2): 3-18 |
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Kheiry M, Noori-Zadeh A. Circular RNAs Biogenesis, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Their Future Applications in Laboratory Medicine. jbrms 2026; 13 (2) :3-18
URL: http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1035-en.html
URL: http://jbrms.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-1035-en.html
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran , alincbc@gmail.com
Abstract: (323 Views)
Introduction: Circular RNAs (circRNAs)- once considered splicing artifacts- are covalently closed RNA molecules generated through back-splicing, lacking 5′ caps and 3′ poly(A) tails, which confers them with remarkable stability. Recent high- throughput sequencing and bioinformatic advances have uncovered diverse biogenesis pathways and functions of circRNAs, including acting as microRNA sponges, interacting with RNA-binding proteins, forming RNA-DNA hybrids, undergoing N6-methyladenosine modification, and even being translated into peptides.
Aim: This review summarizes recent insights into circRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of action, and emerging biomedical applications.
Discussion: Their dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases- cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders- and they show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, engineered circular RNAs are being explored for vaccine design and RNA-based therapies.
Conclusion: This review summarizes recent insights into circRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of action, and emerging biomedical applications.
Aim: This review summarizes recent insights into circRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of action, and emerging biomedical applications.
Discussion: Their dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases- cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders- and they show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, engineered circular RNAs are being explored for vaccine design and RNA-based therapies.
Conclusion: This review summarizes recent insights into circRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of action, and emerging biomedical applications.
Keywords: circular RNA, circRNA, back-splicing, microRNA sponge, RNA- binding proteins, m6A, peptide translation, biomarker, RNA therapy
Type of Study: Narrative review |
Subject:
Biochemistry
Received: 2025/10/4 | Accepted: 2025/11/10 | Published: 2026/04/6
Received: 2025/10/4 | Accepted: 2025/11/10 | Published: 2026/04/6
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